CentOS 6编译安装Apache 2.4

apache 2.4增加如下新特性和新模块
新特性：
(1) MPM支持运行DSO机制；以模块形式按需加载；
(2) 支持event MPM；
(3) 支持异步读写；
(4) 支持每模块及每个目录分别使用各自的日志级别；
(5) 每请求配置；
(6) 增强版的表达式分析器；
(7) 支持毫秒级的keepalive timeout；
(8) 基于FQDN的虚拟主机不再需要NameVirtualHost指令；
(9) 支持用户自定义变量；
新模块：
(1) mod_proxy_fcgi
(2) mod_ratelimit
(3) mod_remoteip
修改了一些配置机制：
不再支持使用Order, Deny, Allow来做基于IP的访问控制；

一 部署环境
1.系统版本和内核

[root@localhost ~]# cat /etc/centos-release   
CentOS release 6.9 (Final)  
[root@localhost ~]# uname -r  
2.6.32-696.el6.x86_64

2.编译安装apache 2.4时需要包组 “Development tools” 和”Server Platform Development”，用yum安装即可。编译安装apache 2.4时依赖于较高版本的apr，apr-util和pcre，这三个软件包可编译安装，而编译安装apr-util时需要expat开发库，用yum安装即可

[root@localhost ~]# yum groupinstall "Development tools" "Server Platform Development" -y
[root@localhost ~]# yum install expat-devel -y

二 安装apache 2.4所依赖的软件包
apache 2.4依赖于更高版本的apr，apr-util和pcre，安装apache 2.4之前先编译安装这三个软件包
1.编译安装apr-1.6.2.tar.gz

[root@localhost ~]# wget https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/apache/apr/apr-1.6.2.tar.gz
[root@localhost ~]# tar xf apr-1.6.2.tar.gz -C /usr/local/src/
[root@localhost ~]# cd /usr/local/src/apr-1.6.2/
[root@localhost apr-1.6.2]# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/apr
[root@localhost apr-1.6.2]# make && make install

2.编译安装apr-util-1.6.0.tar.gz

[root@localhost ~]# wget https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/apache/apr/apr-util-1.6.0.tar.gz
[root@localhost ~]# tar xf apr-util-1.6.0.tar.gz -C /usr/local/src/
[root@localhost ~]# cd /usr/local/src/apr-util-1.6.0/
[root@localhost apr-util-1.6.0]# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/apr-util --with-apr=/usr/local/apr
[root@localhost apr-util-1.6.0]# make && make install

3.编译安装pcre-8.41.tar.gz

[root@localhost ~]# wget https://ftp.pcre.org/pub/pcre/pcre-8.41.tar.gz
[root@localhost ~]# tar xf pcre-8.41.tar.gz -C /usr/local/src/
[root@localhost ~]# cd /usr/local/src/pcre-8.41/
[root@localhost pcre-8.41]# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/pcre
[root@localhost pcre-8.41]# make && make install

三 编译安装apache 2.4

[root@localhost ~]# wget https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/apache/httpd/httpd-2.4.28.tar.gz
[root@localhost ~]# tar xf httpd-2.4.28.tar.gz -C /usr/local/src/

把apr和apr-util的解压文件复制一份至httpd-2.4.28/srclib目录下，并去除版本号
否则编译时会出现如下错误
configure: error: Bundled APR requested but not found at ./srclib/. Download and unpack the corresponding apr and apr-util packages to ./srclib/.

[root@localhost ~]# cp -rf /usr/local/src/apr-1.6.2 /usr/local/src/httpd-2.4.28/srclib/apr
[root@localhost ~]# cp -rf /usr/local/src/apr-util-1.6.0 /usr/local/src/httpd-2.4.28/srclib/apr-util

[root@localhost ~]# cd /usr/local/src/httpd-2.4.28/
[root@localhost httpd-2.4.28]# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/apache --sysconf=/etc/httpd \
> --with-included-apr --with-apr=/usr/local/apr --with-apr-util=/usr/local/apr-util --with-pcre=/usr/local/pcre --with-zlib\
> --enable-so --enable-ssl --enable-cgi --enable-rewrite --enable-modules=most --enable-mpms-shared=all --with-mpm=prefork

其中，上述选项的含义如下：
–prefix=/usr/local/apache 安装路径
–sysconf=/etc/httpd 配置文件路径
–with-included-apr 包含apr
–with-apr=/usr/local/apr 指定apr的安装路径
–with-apr-util=/usr/local/apr-util 指定apr-util的安装路径
–with-pcre=/usr/local/pcre 指定pcre的安装路径
–with-zlib 支持数据包压缩
–enable-so 允许运行时加载DSO模块
–enable-ssl 编译ssl模块
–enable-cgi 允许使用cgi脚本
–enable-rewrite 支持URL重写机制
–enable-modules=most 启用大多数常用的模块
–enable-mpms-shared=all 启用MPM所有支持的模式
–with-mpm=prefork 默认使用prefork模式

[root@localhost httpd-2.4.28]# make && make install

四 安装后的配置
1.导出二进制程序目录至PATH环境变量中

[root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/profile.d/apache.sh  
export PATH=/usr/local/apache/bin:$PATH  
[root@localhost ~]# source /etc/profile.d/apache.sh  
[root@localhost ~]# echo $PATH  
/usr/local/apache/bin:/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/sbin:/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/root/bin 

2.导出库文件路径

[root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/ld.so.conf.d/apache.conf  
/usr/local/apache/lib  
[root@localhost ~]# ldconfig 

3.导出头文件，可以基于链接的方式

[root@localhost ~]# ln -sv /usr/local/apache/include /usr/include/apache
`/usr/include/apache' -> `/usr/local/apache/include'

4.导出帮助手册
编辑man.config文件，找到 MANPATH /usr/X11R6/man 这一行，在下面添加如下一行

[root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/man.config   
MANPATH /usr/local/apache/man  

5.启动apache服务并测试

[root@localhost ~]# apachectl start  
[root@localhost ~]# ss -tunl | grep 80  
tcp    LISTEN    0    128        :::80        :::*   
[root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/sysconfig/iptables  
-A INPUT -m state --state NEW -m tcp -p tcp --dport 80 -j ACCEPT  
[root@localhost ~]# service iptables restart

打开浏览器，在浏览器输入centos主机的ip地址，网页上有如下显示

It works!

则表示apache服务已经正常启动
注：启动时会出现“AH00558: httpd: Could not reliably determine the server’s fully qualified domain name, using localhost.localdomain. Set the ‘ServerName’ directive globally to suppress this message”这样的报错，只需要编辑http.conf文件，找到#ServerName www.example.com:80这一行，在下面添加 如下一行，然后重启apache

[root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/httpd/httpd.conf  
ServerName localhost:80  
[root@localhost ~]# apachectl restart  

6.创建apache启动脚本
在/etc/init.d/目录下创建httpd文件，编辑httpd文件，内容如下

[root@localhost ~]# apachectl stop  
[root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/init.d/httpd 

#!/bin/bash
#
# httpd        Startup script for the Apache HTTP Server
#
# chkconfig: - 85 15
# description: The Apache HTTP Server is an efficient and extensible  \
#              server implementing the current HTTP standards.
# processname: httpd
# config: /etc/httpd/httpd.conf
# pidfile: /usr/local/apache/logs/httpd.pid
#
### BEGIN INIT INFO
# Provides: httpd
# Required-Start: $local_fs $remote_fs $network $named
# Required-Stop: $local_fs $remote_fs $network
# Should-Start: distcache
# Short-Description: start and stop Apache HTTP Server
# Description: The Apache HTTP Server is an extensible server 
#  implementing the current HTTP standards.
### END INIT INFO

# Source function library.
. /etc/rc.d/init.d/functions

if [ -f /etc/httpd ]; then
        . /etc/httpd
fi

# Start httpd in the C locale by default.
HTTPD_LANG=${HTTPD_LANG-"C"}

# This will prevent initlog from swallowing up a pass-phrase prompt if
# mod_ssl needs a pass-phrase from the user.
INITLOG_ARGS=""

# Path to the apachectl script, server binary, and short-form for messages.
apachectl=/usr/local/apache/bin/apachectl
httpd=/usr/local/apache/bin/httpd
prog=httpd
pidfile=${PIDFILE-/usr/local/apache/logs/httpd.pid}
lockfile=${LOCKFILE-/var/lock/subsys/httpd}
RETVAL=0
STOP_TIMEOUT=${STOP_TIMEOUT-10}

# The semantics of these two functions differ from the way apachectl does
# things -- attempting to start while running is a failure, and shutdown
# when not running is also a failure.  So we just do it the way init scripts
# are expected to behave here.
start() {
        echo -n $"Starting $prog: "
        LANG=$HTTPD_LANG daemon --pidfile=${pidfile} $httpd $OPTIONS
        RETVAL=$?
        echo
        [ $RETVAL = 0 ] && touch ${lockfile}
        return $RETVAL
}

# When stopping httpd, a delay (of default 10 second) is required
# before SIGKILLing the httpd parent; this gives enough time for the
# httpd parent to SIGKILL any errant children.
stop() {
        status -p ${pidfile} $httpd > /dev/null
        if [[ $? = 0 ]]; then
                echo -n $"Stopping $prog: "
                killproc -p ${pidfile} -d ${STOP_TIMEOUT} $httpd
        else
                echo -n $"Stopping $prog: "
                success
        fi
        RETVAL=$?
        echo
        [ $RETVAL = 0 ] && rm -f ${lockfile} ${pidfile}
}

reload() {
    echo -n $"Reloading $prog: "
    if ! LANG=$HTTPD_LANG $httpd $OPTIONS -t >&/dev/null; then
        RETVAL=6
        echo $"not reloading due to configuration syntax error"
        failure $"not reloading $httpd due to configuration syntax error"
    else
        # Force LSB behaviour from killproc
        LSB=1 killproc -p ${pidfile} $httpd -HUP
        RETVAL=$?
        if [ $RETVAL -eq 7 ]; then
            failure $"httpd shutdown"
        fi
    fi
    echo
}

# See how we were called.
case "$1" in
  start)
        start
        ;;
  stop)
        stop
        ;;
  status)
        status -p ${pidfile} $httpd
        RETVAL=$?
        ;;
  restart)
        stop
        start
        ;;
  condrestart|try-restart)
        if status -p ${pidfile} $httpd >&/dev/null; then
                stop
                start
        fi
        ;;
  force-reload|reload)
        reload
        ;;
  graceful|help|configtest|fullstatus)
        $apachectl $@
        RETVAL=$?
        ;;
  *)
        echo $"Usage: $prog {start|stop|restart|condrestart|try-restart|force-reload|reload|status|fullstatus|graceful|help|configtest}"
        RETVAL=2
esac

exit $RETVAL

给httpd文件添加执行权限

[root@localhost ~]# chmod +x /etc/init.d/httpd 

然后就可以用service 命令来启动和关闭httpd了

[root@localhost ~]# service httpd start  
[root@localhost ~]# service httpd restart
[root@localhost ~]# service httpd status
[root@localhost ~]# service httpd reload
[root@localhost ~]# service httpd stop  

7.加入开机自启动

[root@localhost ~]# chkconfig --add httpd  
[root@localhost ~]# chkconfig httpd on  
[root@localhost ~]# chkconfig --list httpd  
httpd    0:off  1:off  2:on  3:on  4:on  5:on  6:off