python彩蛋与IDLE使用技巧

一、彩蛋

1.0 hello world

>>> import __hello__
Hello world!

1.1 python之禅

输入代码import this显示python之禅这首诗：

>>> import this
The Zen of Python, by Tim Peters

Beautiful is better than ugly.
Explicit is better than implicit.
Simple is better than complex.
Complex is better than complicated.
Flat is better than nested.
Sparse is better than dense.
Readability counts.
Special cases aren't special enough to break the rules.
Although practicality beats purity.
Errors should never pass silently.
Unless explicitly silenced.
In the face of ambiguity, refuse the temptation to guess.
There should be one-- and preferably only one --obvious way to do it.
Although that way may not be obvious at first unless you're Dutch.
Now is better than never.
Although never is often better than *right* now.
If the implementation is hard to explain, it's a bad idea.
If the implementation is easy to explain, it may be a good idea.
Namespaces are one honking great idea -- let's do more of those!

1.2 反地心引力漫画

import antigravity

浏览器将跳转到一幅漫画网页 https://xkcd.com/353/，内容截图如下

二、IDLE技巧

2.1 设置字体

依次点击Options-->Configure IDLE，弹出对话框设置字体，如下：

2.2 设置PYTHONPATH环境变量

windows下新建PYTHONPATH环境变量，可添加自定义目录到python的搜索路径中。

查看IDLE-->File-->Path Browser：

2.3 显示内置变量和函数

输入dir(__builtins__)，如下：

>>> dir(__builtins__)
['ArithmeticError', 'AssertionError', 'AttributeError', 
'BaseException', 'BlockingIOError', 'BrokenPipeError', 'BufferError', 
'BytesWarning', 'ChildProcessError', 'ConnectionAbortedError', 
'ConnectionError', 'ConnectionRefusedError', 'ConnectionResetError', 
'DeprecationWarning', 'EOFError', 'Ellipsis', 'EnvironmentError', 
'Exception', 'False', 'FileExistsError', 'FileNotFoundError', 
'FloatingPointError', 'FutureWarning', 'GeneratorExit', 'IOError', 
'ImportError', 'ImportWarning', 'IndentationError', 'IndexError', 
'InterruptedError', 'IsADirectoryError', 'KeyError', 
'KeyboardInterrupt', 'LookupError', 'MemoryError', 
'ModuleNotFoundError', 'NameError', 'None', 'NotADirectoryError', 
'NotImplemented', 'NotImplementedError', 'OSError', 'OverflowError', 
'PendingDeprecationWarning', 'PermissionError', 'ProcessLookupError', 
'RecursionError', 'ReferenceError', 'ResourceWarning', 'RuntimeError', 
'RuntimeWarning', 'StopAsyncIteration', 'StopIteration', 
'SyntaxError', 'SyntaxWarning', 'SystemError', 'SystemExit', 
'TabError', 'TimeoutError', 'True', 'TypeError', 'UnboundLocalError', 
'UnicodeDecodeError', 'UnicodeEncodeError', 'UnicodeError', 
'UnicodeTranslateError', 'UnicodeWarning', 'UserWarning', 
'ValueError', 'Warning', 'WindowsError', 'ZeroDivisionError', 
'__build_class__', '__debug__', '__doc__', '__import__', '__loader__', 
'__name__', '__package__', '__spec__', 'abs', 'all', 'any', 'ascii', 
'bin', 'bool', 'breakpoint', 'bytearray', 'bytes', 'callable', 'chr', 
'classmethod', 'compile', 'complex', 'copyright', 'credits', 
'delattr', 'dict', 'dir', 'divmod', 'enumerate', 'eval', 'exec', 
'exit', 'filter', 'float', 'format', 'frozenset', 'getattr', 
'globals', 'hasattr', 'hash', 'help', 'hex', 'id', 'input', 'int', 
'isinstance', 'issubclass', 'iter', 'len', 'license', 'list', 
'locals', 'map', 'max', 'memoryview', 'min', 'next', 'object', 'oct', 
'open', 'ord', 'pow', 'print', 'property', 'quit', 'range', 'repr', 
'reversed', 'round', 'set', 'setattr', 'slice', 'sorted', 
'staticmethod', 'str', 'sum', 'super', 'tuple', 'type', 'vars', 'zip']