常用函数说明

函数名: strstr
功  能: 在串中查找指定字符串的第一次出现
用  法: char *strstr(char *str1, char *str2);
程序例:
#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
int main(void)
{
   char *str1 = "Borland International", *str2 = "nation", *ptr;
   ptr = strstr(str1, str2);
   printf("The substring is: %s/n", ptr);
   return 0;

}

函数名: strchr
功  能: 在一个串中查找给定字符的第一个匹配之处/
用  法: char *strchr(char *str, char c);
程序例:
#include <string.h>
#include <stdio.h>
int main(void)
{
    char string[15];
    char *ptr, c = 'r';
    strcpy(string, "This is a string");
    ptr = strchr(string, c);
    if (ptr)
       printf("The character %c is at position: %d/n", c, ptr-string);
    else
       printf("The character was not found/n");
    return 0;
}

函数名: memset
功  能: 设置s中的所有字节为ch, s数组的大小由n给定
用  法: void *memset(void *s, char ch, unsigned n);
程序例:
#include <string.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <mem.h>
int main(void)
{
   char buffer[] = "Hello world/n";
   printf("Buffer before memset: %s/n", buffer);
   memset(buffer, '*', strlen(buffer) - 1);
   printf("Buffer after memset:  %s/n", buffer);
   return 0;
}

函数名: atof
功  能: 把字符串转换成浮点数
用  法: double atof(const char *nptr);
程序例:
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <stdio.h>
int main(void)
{
   float f;
   char *str = "12345.67";
   f = atof(str);
   printf("string = %s float = %f/n", str, f);
   return 0;
}

函数名: fcvt
功  能: 把一个浮点数转换为字符串
用  法: char *fcvt(double value, int ndigit, int *decpt, int *sign);
程序例:
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <conio.h>
int main(void)
{
   char *string;
   double value;
   int dec, sign;
   int ndig = 10;
   clrscr();
   value = 9.876;
   string = ecvt(value, ndig, &dec, &sign);
   printf("string = %s      dec = %d /
          sign = %d/n", string, dec, sign);
   value = -123.45;
   ndig= 15;
   string = ecvt(value,ndig,&dec,&sign);
   printf("string = %s dec = %d sign = %d/n",
          string, dec, sign);
   value = 0.6789e5; /* scientific
                        notation */
   ndig = 5;
   string = ecvt(value,ndig,&dec,&sign);
   printf("string = %s           dec = %d/
          sign = %d/n", string, dec, sign);
   return 0;
}

函数名: gcvt
功  能: 把浮点数转换成字符串
用  法: char *gcvt(double value, int ndigit, char *buf);
程序例:
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <stdio.h>
int main(void)
{
   char str[25];
   double num;
   int sig = 5; /* significant digits */
   /* a regular number */
   num = 9.876;
   gcvt(num, sig, str);
   printf("string = %s/n", str);
   /* a negative number */
   num = -123.4567;
   gcvt(num, sig, str);
   printf("string = %s/n", str);
   /* scientific notation */
   num = 0.678e5;
   gcvt(num, sig, str);
   printf("string = %s/n", str);
   return(0);
}
函数名: itoa
功  能: 把一整数转换为字符串
用  法: char *itoa(int value, char *string, int radix);
程序例:
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <stdio.h>
int main(void)
{
   int number = 12345;
   char string[25];
   itoa(number, string, 10);
   printf("integer = %d string = %s/n", number, string);
   return 0;
}