[Ruby笔记]31.ruby set 类型 交、并、补、异或 & + - ^ |

set

• set是Ruby的标准库的类；
• 打开irb使用，需要先写语句 require 'set';

code

• irb

$ irb --simple-prompt
>> require 'set'
=> true

• 创建两个集合 ()里面放一个数组即可

>> first = Set.new(["A","B","C","D"])
=> #<Set: {"A", "B", "C", "D"}>
>> second = Set.new(["B","E","F","G"])
=> #<Set: {"B", "E", "F", "G"}>

• difference

# 去掉两个集合公共部分，返回值是剩下的元素

# first 是 A B C D 
# second 是 B E F G
# 共同部分是 B
>> first - second
=> #<Set: {"A", "C", "D"}>

>> second - first
=> #<Set: {"E", "F", "G"}>

• 并集

# set是不包含重复元素的
>> first + second
=> #<Set: {"A", "B", "C", "D", "E", "F", "G"}>

• 交集

#  取出公共部分
>> first & second
=> #<Set: {"B"}>

• 与 + 号等价

>> first | second
=> #<Set: {"A", "B", "C", "D", "E", "F", "G"}>

• 异或

# 可以看作是 并集 减去 共同部分
>> first ^ second
=> #<Set: {"E", "F", "G", "A", "C", "D"}>

reference

《The Well-Grounded Rubyist, Second Edition》
(https://www.manning.com/books/the-well-grounded-rubyist-second-edition)
9.5.2.Manipulating set elements

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