LXD作为一容器的hypervisor,它对LXC提供了更多的新的用户体验.在今天的教程中,我们来介绍如何利用LXD来在不同的Ubuntu Desktop版本下编译我们的snap应用.
1)安装LXD及命令行工具
我们可以参照链接来安装我们的LXD:
https://linuxcontainers.org/lxd/getting-started-cli/.为了方便,我们可以利用已经做好的Ubuntu Image:
liuxg@liuxg:~$ lxc launch ubuntu:yakkety
Creating flying-snake
Starting flying-snake
在这里,我们创建了一个叫做
flying-snake的容器.这个名字是自动生产的.它是基于Ubuntu 16.10的yakkety.
如果你想有一个自己的容器的名称,你也可以使用如下的命令来生产:
$ lxc launch ubuntu:yakkety foobar
这里的 foobar将是我们生成的容器的名称而不是像上面自动生成的flying-snake.
我们可以利用如下的命令来查看:
liuxg@liuxg:~$ lxc list
+----------------------+---------+-------------------+------+------------+-----------+
| NAME | STATE | IPV4 | IPV6 | TYPE | SNAPSHOTS |
+----------------------+---------+-------------------+------+------------+-----------+
| flying-snake | RUNNING | 10.0.1.143 (eth0) | | PERSISTENT | 0 |
+----------------------+---------+-------------------+------+------------+-----------+
| immortal-feline | STOPPED | | | PERSISTENT | 0 |
+----------------------+---------+-------------------+------+------------+-----------+
| vivid-x86-armhf | STOPPED | | | PERSISTENT | 0 |
+----------------------+---------+-------------------+------+------------+-----------+
| xenial-desktop-amd64 | STOPPED | | | PERSISTENT | 0 |
+----------------------+---------+-------------------+------+------------+-----------+
2)创建一个用户
我们可以利用如下的命令来创建一个属于自己的用户:
liuxg@liuxg:~$ lxc exec flying-snake -- adduser liuxg
Adding user `liuxg' ...
Adding new group `liuxg' (1001) ...
Adding new user `liuxg' (1001) with group `liuxg' ...
Creating home directory `/home/liuxg' ...
Copying files from `/etc/skel' ...
Enter new UNIX password:
Retype new UNIX password:
passwd: password updated successfully
Changing the user information for liuxg
Enter the new value, or press ENTER for the default
Full Name []: liuxg
Room Number []:
Work Phone []:
Home Phone []:
Other []:
Is the information correct? [Y/n] y
请注意这里的 flying-snake为我们刚才创建的container的名称.开发者必须根据自己的名称进行选择.我为这个container创建了一个叫做 liuxg的用户.为用户添加管理员权限:
liuxg@liuxg:~$ lxc exec flying-snake -- adduser liuxg sudo
Adding user `liuxg' to group `sudo' ...
Adding user liuxg to group sudo
Done.
$ lxc exec flying-snake -- visudo
通过上面的命令,启动编辑器,并在文件的最后,加入:
<username> ALL=(ALL) NOPASSWD: ALL
注意这里的
liuxg是我们刚才创建的用户名.开发者需要替换为自己的用户名.
更新系统并安装所需要的工具:
$ lxc exec flying-snake -- apt update -qq
$ lxc exec flying-snake -- apt upgrade -qq
$ lxc exec flying-snake -- apt install -qq -y snapcraft build-essential
3)登陆并编译我们的应用
我们可以通过如下的命令来登陆:
$ lxc exec flying-snake -- sudo -iu liuxg
liuxg@liuxg:~$ lxc exec flying-snake -- sudo -iu liuxg
To run a command as administrator (user "root"), use "sudo <command>".
See "man sudo_root" for details.
liuxg@flying-snake:~$
liuxg@flying-snake:~$ ls -al
total 20
drwxr-xr-x 2 liuxg liuxg 4096 Jan 4 02:52 .
drwxr-xr-x 4 root root 4096 Jan 4 02:52 ..
-rw-r--r-- 1 liuxg liuxg 220 Jan 4 02:52 .bash_logout
-rw-r--r-- 1 liuxg liuxg 3771 Jan 4 02:52 .bashrc
-rw-r--r-- 1 liuxg liuxg 655 Jan 4 02:52 .profile
liuxg@flying-snake:~$ mkdir apps
liuxg@flying-snake:~$ cd apps/
liuxg@flying-snake:~/apps$ git clone https://github.com/liu-xiao-guo/alias
Cloning into 'alias'...
remote: Counting objects: 4, done.
remote: Compressing objects: 100% (4/4), done.
remote: Total 4 (delta 0), reused 4 (delta 0), pack-reused 0
Unpacking objects: 100% (4/4), done.
Checking connectivity... done.
liuxg@flying-snake:~/apps$ ls
alias
liuxg@flying-snake:~/apps$ cd alias/
liuxg@flying-snake:~/apps/alias$ ls
hello.sh snapcraft.yaml
liuxg@flying-snake:~/apps/alias$ snapcraft
Preparing to pull aliases
Pulling aliases
Preparing to build aliases
Building aliases
Staging aliases
Priming aliases
Snapping 'my-alias' |
Snapped my-alias_0.1_amd64.snap
我们可以看到我们已经在yakkety (16.10)的环境中把我们的应用打包为一个snap.
我们可以利用 lxc file pull命令来把我们的容器里的文件拷入到我们的host:
lxc file pull flying-snake/etc/hosts .
我们可以通过 lxc file push命令来把我们所需要的文件拷入到我们的container中:
$ lxc file push hosts first/tmp/
我们可以利用:
$ lxc stop flying-snake
你也可以利用:
$ lxc start flying-snake
liuxg@liuxg:~/tmp$ lxc stop flying-snake
liuxg@liuxg:~/tmp$ lxc list
+----------------------+---------+------+------+------------+-----------+
| NAME | STATE | IPV4 | IPV6 | TYPE | SNAPSHOTS |
+----------------------+---------+------+------+------------+-----------+
| flying-snake | STOPPED | | | PERSISTENT | 0 |
+----------------------+---------+------+------+------------+-----------+
| immortal-feline | STOPPED | | | PERSISTENT | 0 |
+----------------------+---------+------+------+------------+-----------+
| vivid-x86-armhf | STOPPED | | | PERSISTENT | 0 |
+----------------------+---------+------+------+------------+-----------+
| xenial-desktop-amd64 | STOPPED | | | PERSISTENT | 0 |
+----------------------+---------+------+------+------------+-----------+
你可以通过下面的命令来删除一个container:
$ lxc delete flying-snake