Operators

Mathematical operators 

If you create a Random object  w ith no argument s, Java uses the  current time  as a seed for the random number generator, and will thus produce different output for each execution of the program. 

Relational operators

Equivalence and nonequivalence work with all primitives, but the other
comparisons won’t work with type  boolean. Because  boolean values can only be  true or 

false,  “greater than” and “less than” doesn’t make sense.

The operators == and != compare object references.

What if you want to compare the actual contents of an object for equivalence? You must use the special method equals( ) that exists for all objects (not primitives, which work fine with == and !=).

The default behavior of equals( ) is to compare references. So unless you override equals( ) in your new class you won’t get the desired behavior.

Logical operators

Notice that when passing  smaller types to  Integer.toBinaryString( ),  the type is automatically converted to an int.

Bitwise operators

The left-shift operator (<<) produces the operand to the left of the operator after it has been shifted to the left by the number of bits specified to the right of the operator (inserting zeroes at the lower-order bits). The signed right-shift operator (>>) produces the operand to the left of the operator after it has been shifted to the right by the number of bits specified to the right of the operator. The signed right shift >> uses sign extension: If the value is positive, zeroes are inserted at the higher-order bits; if the value is negative, ones are inserted at the higher-order bits. Java has also added the unsigned right shift >>>, which uses zero extension: Regardless of the sign, zeroes are inserted at the higher-order bits .

Truncation and rounding 

Casting from a float or double to an integral value  always truncates the number. If instead you want the result to be rounded, use the round( ) methods in  java.lang.Math

Java has no “sizeof”