linux 文件系统
1. 查看文件系统
[root@localhost ~]# df -h
Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/mapper/centos-root 18G 841M 17G 5% /
devtmpfs 903M 0 903M 0% /dev
tmpfs 913M 0 913M 0% /dev/shm
tmpfs 913M 8.6M 904M 1% /run
tmpfs 913M 0 913M 0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/sda1 497M 123M 375M 25% /boot
tmpfs 183M 0 183M 0% /run/user/0
2. 查看文件系统Inode使用
inode耗尽,即使磁盘还有空间,也无法写入数据
[root@localhost ~]# df -i
Filesystem Inodes IUsed IFree IUse% Mounted on
/dev/mapper/centos-root 18317312 23275 18294037 1% /
devtmpfs 231033 388 230645 1% /dev
tmpfs 233582 1 233581 1% /dev/shm
tmpfs 233582 482 233100 1% /run
tmpfs 233582 13 233569 1% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/sda1 512000 330 511670 1% /boot
tmpfs 233582 1 233581 1% /run/user/0
3. 查看磁盘
[root@localhost ~]# fdisk -l
Disk /dev/sda: 21.5 GB, 21474836480 bytes, 41943040 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk label type: dos
Disk identifier: 0x000c9519
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sda1 * 2048 1026047 512000 83 Linux
/dev/sda2 1026048 41943039 20458496 8e Linux LVM
Disk /dev/mapper/centos-root: 18.8 GB, 18756927488 bytes, 36634624 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk /dev/mapper/centos-swap: 2147 MB, 2147483648 bytes, 4194304 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
4. 添加新磁盘
1. 查看新加磁盘
fdisk -l
2. 对新加磁盘分区
fdisk /dev/sdb
常用命令:
m 查看命令帮助信息
n 添加分区
p 打印分区表
w 保存退出
3. 格式化新建的分区
格式化命令:
[root@localhost ~]# ll /sbin/mkfs*
-rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 11504 Nov 20 2015 /sbin/mkfs
-rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 287400 Nov 20 2015 /sbin/mkfs.btrfs
-rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 32768 Nov 20 2015 /sbin/mkfs.cramfs
-rwxr-xr-x. 4 root root 96240 Mar 6 2015 /sbin/mkfs.ext2
-rwxr-xr-x. 4 root root 96240 Mar 6 2015 /sbin/mkfs.ext3
-rwxr-xr-x. 4 root root 96240 Mar 6 2015 /sbin/mkfs.ext4
-rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 32856 Nov 20 2015 /sbin/mkfs.minix
-rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 351440 Nov 20 2015 /sbin/mkfs.xfs
根据想要格式化的文件系统类型选择格式化命令:
[root@localhost ~]# mkfs.xfs /dev/sdb1
meta-data=/dev/sdb1 isize=256 agcount=4, agsize=65472 blks
= sectsz=512 attr=2, projid32bit=1
= crc=0 finobt=0
data = bsize=4096 blocks=261888, imaxpct=25
= sunit=0 swidth=0 blks
naming =version 2 bsize=4096 ascii-ci=0 ftype=0
log =internal log bsize=4096 blocks=853, version=2
= sectsz=512 sunit=0 blks, lazy-count=1
realtime =none extsz=4096 blocks=0, rtextents=0
4. 挂载文件系统
现在将磁盘挂载到操作系统/data目录
[root@localhost ~]# mkdir /data
[root@localhost ~]# mount /dev/sdb1 /data
[root@localhost ~]# df -h
Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/mapper/centos-root 18G 842M 17G 5% /
devtmpfs 903M 0 903M 0% /dev
tmpfs 913M 0 913M 0% /dev/shm
tmpfs 913M 8.6M 904M 1% /run
tmpfs 913M 0 913M 0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/sda1 497M 123M 375M 25% /boot
tmpfs 183M 0 183M 0% /run/user/0
/dev/sdb1 1020M 33M 988M 4% /data
上面的操作是临时挂载,重启后失效,下面配置开机自动挂载
编辑/etc/fstab文件配置开机自动挂载
vi /etc/fstab
#
# /etc/fstab
# Created by anaconda on Thu May 12 11:29:25 2016
#
# Accessible filesystems, by reference, are maintained under '/dev/disk'
# See man pages fstab(5), findfs(8), mount(8) and/or blkid(8) for more info
#
/dev/mapper/centos-root / xfs defaults 0 0
UUID=fdec4641-fa31-4d04-a865-202ccd0269da /boot xfs defaults 0 0
/dev/mapper/centos-swap swap swap defaults 0 0
UUID=1fc8e33d-473b-411e-b8d7-e98bb124d839 /new_disk xfs defaults 0 0
使用文件系统路径和id(blkid命令查看)号都可以
写入测试:
[root@localhost ~]# dd if=/dev/zero of=/data/test bs=1024k count=100
100+0 records in
100+0 records out
102400000 bytes (102 MB) copied, 0.11469 s, 893 MB/s