linux 文件系统

linux 文件系统

1. 查看文件系统

[root@localhost ~]# df -h
Filesystem               Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/mapper/centos-root   18G  841M   17G   5% /
devtmpfs                 903M     0  903M   0% /dev
tmpfs                    913M     0  913M   0% /dev/shm
tmpfs                    913M  8.6M  904M   1% /run
tmpfs                    913M     0  913M   0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/sda1                497M  123M  375M  25% /boot
tmpfs                    183M     0  183M   0% /run/user/0

2. 查看文件系统Inode使用

inode耗尽，即使磁盘还有空间，也无法写入数据

[root@localhost ~]# df -i
Filesystem                Inodes IUsed    IFree IUse% Mounted on
/dev/mapper/centos-root 18317312 23275 18294037    1% /
devtmpfs                  231033   388   230645    1% /dev
tmpfs                     233582     1   233581    1% /dev/shm
tmpfs                     233582   482   233100    1% /run
tmpfs                     233582    13   233569    1% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/sda1                 512000   330   511670    1% /boot
tmpfs                     233582     1   233581    1% /run/user/0

3. 查看磁盘

[root@localhost ~]# fdisk -l

Disk /dev/sda: 21.5 GB, 21474836480 bytes, 41943040 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk label type: dos
Disk identifier: 0x000c9519

   Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System
/dev/sda1   *        2048     1026047      512000   83  Linux
/dev/sda2         1026048    41943039    20458496   8e  Linux LVM

Disk /dev/mapper/centos-root: 18.8 GB, 18756927488 bytes, 36634624 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes


Disk /dev/mapper/centos-swap: 2147 MB, 2147483648 bytes, 4194304 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes

4. 添加新磁盘

1. 查看新加磁盘

    fdisk -l

2. 对新加磁盘分区

    fdisk /dev/sdb

    常用命令：
    m    查看命令帮助信息
    n    添加分区
    p    打印分区表
    w    保存退出

3. 格式化新建的分区

    格式化命令：
    [root@localhost ~]# ll /sbin/mkfs*
    -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root  11504 Nov 20  2015 /sbin/mkfs
    -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 287400 Nov 20  2015 /sbin/mkfs.btrfs
    -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root  32768 Nov 20  2015 /sbin/mkfs.cramfs
    -rwxr-xr-x. 4 root root  96240 Mar  6  2015 /sbin/mkfs.ext2
    -rwxr-xr-x. 4 root root  96240 Mar  6  2015 /sbin/mkfs.ext3
    -rwxr-xr-x. 4 root root  96240 Mar  6  2015 /sbin/mkfs.ext4
    -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root  32856 Nov 20  2015 /sbin/mkfs.minix
    -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 351440 Nov 20  2015 /sbin/mkfs.xfs  

    根据想要格式化的文件系统类型选择格式化命令：
    [root@localhost ~]# mkfs.xfs /dev/sdb1
    meta-data=/dev/sdb1              isize=256    agcount=4, agsize=65472 blks
             =                       sectsz=512   attr=2, projid32bit=1
             =                       crc=0        finobt=0
    data     =                       bsize=4096   blocks=261888, imaxpct=25
             =                       sunit=0      swidth=0 blks
    naming   =version 2              bsize=4096   ascii-ci=0 ftype=0
    log      =internal log           bsize=4096   blocks=853, version=2
             =                       sectsz=512   sunit=0 blks, lazy-count=1
    realtime =none                   extsz=4096   blocks=0, rtextents=0

4. 挂载文件系统

现在将磁盘挂载到操作系统/data目录

    [root@localhost ~]# mkdir /data
    [root@localhost ~]# mount /dev/sdb1 /data
    [root@localhost ~]# df -h
    Filesystem               Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on
    /dev/mapper/centos-root   18G  842M   17G   5% /
    devtmpfs                 903M     0  903M   0% /dev
    tmpfs                    913M     0  913M   0% /dev/shm
    tmpfs                    913M  8.6M  904M   1% /run
    tmpfs                    913M     0  913M   0% /sys/fs/cgroup
    /dev/sda1                497M  123M  375M  25% /boot
    tmpfs                    183M     0  183M   0% /run/user/0
    /dev/sdb1               1020M   33M  988M   4% /data

上面的操作是临时挂载，重启后失效，下面配置开机自动挂载

    编辑/etc/fstab文件配置开机自动挂载
    vi /etc/fstab
    #
    # /etc/fstab
    # Created by anaconda on Thu May 12 11:29:25 2016
    #
    # Accessible filesystems, by reference, are maintained under '/dev/disk'
    # See man pages fstab(5), findfs(8), mount(8) and/or blkid(8) for more info
    #
    /dev/mapper/centos-root /                       xfs     defaults        0 0
    UUID=fdec4641-fa31-4d04-a865-202ccd0269da /boot                   xfs     defaults        0 0
    /dev/mapper/centos-swap swap                    swap    defaults        0 0
    UUID=1fc8e33d-473b-411e-b8d7-e98bb124d839 /new_disk               xfs     defaults        0 0

    使用文件系统路径和id(blkid命令查看)号都可以

    写入测试：
    [root@localhost ~]# dd if=/dev/zero of=/data/test bs=1024k count=100
    100+0 records in
    100+0 records out
    102400000 bytes (102 MB) copied, 0.11469 s, 893 MB/s