TFTP是一个简单的文件传输协议，它使用UDP协议进行数据传输。在C++中，可以使用
socket库来实现TFTP客户端和服务器端的开发。具体实现可以参考以下步骤：
1. 创建UDP
socket
2. 构造TFTP请求报文
3. 发送TFTP请求报文到服务器
4. 接收服务器返回的TFTP数据包
. 解析TFTP数据包，获取文件内容
6. 关闭
socket
以下是一个简单的TFTP客户端实现代码：
```c++
#include <iostream>
#include <cstring>
#include <sys/
socket.h>
#include <netinet/in.h>
#include <arpa/inet.h>
using namespace std;
#define TFTP_SERVER_IP "127.0.0.1"
#define TFTP_SERVER_PORT 69
#define TFTP_OPCODE_RRQ 1
#define TFTP_OPCODE_DATA 3
#define TFTP_OPCODE_ACK 4
#define TFTP_OPCODE_ERROR 5
stru
ct tftp_packet {
uint16_t opcode;
union {
stru
ct {
char filename[128];
char mode[16];
} rrq;
stru
ct {
uint16_t
block_num;
char data[512];
} data;
stru
ct {
uint16_t
block_num;
} ack;
stru
ct {
uint16_t error_code;
char error_msg[128];
} error;
} data;
};
int main() {
int sockfd =
socket(AF_INET, SOCK_DGRAM, 0);
if (sockfd < 0) {
cerr << "Failed to create
socket" << endl;
return -1;
}
stru
ct sockaddr_in server_addr;
memset(&server_addr, 0, sizeof(server_addr));
server_addr.sin_family = AF_INET;
server_addr.sin_port = htons(TFTP_SERVER_PORT);
server_addr.sin_addr.s_addr = inet_addr(TFTP_SERVER_IP);
stru
ct tftp_packet rrq_packet;
memset(&rrq_packet, 0, sizeof(rrq_packet));
rrq_packet.opcode = htons(TFTP_OPCODE_RRQ);
strcpy(rrq_packet.data.rrq.filename, "test.txt");
strcpy(rrq_packet.data.rrq.mode, "o
ctet");
if (
sendto(sockfd, &rrq_packet, sizeof(rrq_packet), 0, (stru
ct sockaddr*)&server_addr, sizeof(server_addr)) < 0) {
cerr << "Failed to
send RRQ packet" << endl;
close(sockfd);
return -1;
}
stru
ct tftp_packet recv_packet;
memset(&recv_packet, 0, sizeof(recv_packet));
socklen_t server_addr_len = sizeof(server_addr);
while (true) {
if (recvfrom(sockfd, &recv_packet, sizeof(recv_packet), 0, (stru
ct sockaddr*)&server_addr, &server_addr_len) < 0) {
cerr << "Failed to receive packet" << endl;
close(sockfd);
return -1;
}
if (ntohs(recv_packet.opcode) == TFTP_OPCODE_DATA) {
uint16_t
block_num = ntohs(recv_packet.data.data.
block_num);
cout << "Received data
block " <<
block_num << endl;
// TODO: 处理数据包中的文件内容
stru
ct tftp_packet ack_packet;
memset(&ack_packet, 0, sizeof(ack_packet));
ack_packet.opcode = htons(TFTP_OPCODE_ACK);
ack_packet.data.ack.
block_num = htons(
block_num);
if (
sendto(sockfd, &ack_packet, sizeof(ack_packet), 0, (stru
ct sockaddr*)&server_addr, sizeof(server_addr)) < 0) {
cerr << "Failed to
send ACK packet" << endl;
close(sockfd);
return -1;
}
} else if (ntohs(recv_packet.opcode) == TFTP_OPCODE_ERROR) {
uint16_t error_code = ntohs(recv_packet.data.error.error_code);
char* error_msg = recv_packet.data.error.error_msg;
cerr << "Received error packet: " << error_code << " " << error_msg << endl;
close(sockfd);
return -1;
} else {
cerr << "Received unexpe
cted packet" << endl;
close(sockfd);
return -1;
}
}
close(sockfd);
return 0;
}
```
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