常用的shell命令（陆续更新）

只是我个人经常用到的，不是很全

1、获取管道前面的返回值

 echo ${PIPESTATUS[0]}

e.g.

<span style="font-family:Courier New;">root@node2:~# date1 | echo 2
2
No command 'date1' found, did you mean:
 Command 'date' from package 'coreutils' (main)
date1: command not found
root@node2:~# echo ${PIPESTATUS[0]}
127</span>

2、查看进程

ps -ef | grep pidname | grep -v grep

注：-v是排除，-ef是ps的参数

e.g.

<span style="font-family:Courier New;">root@node1:~# ps -ef | grep ceph | grep -v grep
root     34880     1  0 11:14 pts/1    00:01:15 /usr/bin/ceph-mon -i node1 --pid-file /var/run/ceph/mon.node1.pid -c /etc/ceph/ceph.conf --cluster ceph
root     37315     1  0 11:17 ?        00:00:38 /usr/bin/ceph-osd -i 0 --pid-file /var/run/ceph/osd.0.pid -c /etc/ceph/ceph.conf --cluster ceph
root     37538     1  0 11:17 ?        00:00:36 /usr/bin/ceph-osd -i 1 --pid-file /var/run/ceph/osd.1.pid -c /etc/ceph/ceph.conf --cluster ceph
root     46838     1  0 11:39 ?        00:00:02 /usr/bin/ceph-mds -i node1 --pid-file /var/run/ceph/mds.node1.pid -c /etc/ceph/ceph.conf --cluster ceph</span>

3、断电

echo b > /proc/sysrq-trigger 

4、查看后他运行的脚本，以及转入前台运行

jobs：查看所有后台运行的脚本
fg 1/2..：转入前台运行

脚本后面加个 &，就可以在后台运行了，即使Xshell不小心关了也可以继续运行，如果你要查看在后台运行了那些，或者关掉这些进程，就用上面两个命令转到前台来

5、查看内存使用量和清理内存

查看内存使用量free -m

清内存
echo 3 > /proc/sys/vm/drop_caches释放所有能释放的内存
 0 – 不释放
1 – 释放页缓存
2 – 释放dentries和inodes
3 – 释放所有缓存 

简单说，清除系统对内存的cache，使用root做下面几步：
1. sync  
2. echo 3 > /proc/sys/vm/drop_caches
3. sync  
4. echo 0 > /proc/sys/vm/drop_caches

6、调试模式运行脚本并将结果保存到文件

sh -x /script_path > file 2>&1

7、查找目录下的所有文件中是否含有某个字符串

查找目录下的所有文件中是否含有某个字符串
find .|xargs grep -ri "string"
查找目录下的所有文件中是否含有某个字符串,并且只打印出文件名
find .|xargs grep -ri "string" -l 

8、设置开机运行或开机不运行某服务

chkconfig --list|grep -i  “service name”

chkconfig NetworkManager off|on

e.g

CentOS中有一个服务NetworkManager会和network冲突导致网络启动有问题，解决方法：

（1）查看有无此服务
chkconfig --list|grep -i  NetworkManager
（2）关闭此服务
service NetworkManager stop
（3）设置开机不启用该服务
chkconfig NetworkManager off
（4）重启网络
/etc/init.d/network restart

9、ubuntu关闭防火墙

ufw disable

apt-get remove iptables

注：这是卸载了防火墙，比较粗暴，可以试试以下这个

iptables -P INPUT ACCEPT 
iptables -P FORWARD ACCEPT 
iptables -P OUTPUT ACCEPT 
iptables -F

e.g

root@node2:/mnt# ufw disable
Firewall stopped and disabled on system startup
root@node2:/mnt# apt-get remove iptables 
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree       
Reading state information... Done
The following extra packages will be installed:
  libvirt0
Suggested packages:
  lvm2
The following packages will be REMOVED:
  iptables libvirt-bin ubuntu-standard ubuntu-virt-server ufw
The following packages will be upgraded:
  libvirt0
1 upgraded, 0 newly installed, 5 to remove and 75 not upgraded.
Need to get 928 kB of archives.
After this operation, 15.8 MB disk space will be freed.
Do you want to continue? [Y/n] Y
Get:1 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ utopic-proposed/main libvirt0 amd64 1.2.8-0ubuntu11.2 [928 kB]
Fetched 928 kB in 48s (19.3 kB/s)                                                                                                                                              
(Reading database ... 107241 files and directories currently installed.)
Removing ubuntu-virt-server (1.4) ...
Removing libvirt-bin (1.2.8-0ubuntu11) ...
libvirt-bin stop/waiting
Removing libvirt-bin dnsmasq configuration
Removing ufw (0.34~rc-0ubuntu4) ...
Skip stopping firewall: ufw (not enabled)
Removing ubuntu-standard (1.327) ...
Removing iptables (1.4.21-2ubuntu1) ...
Processing triggers for man-db (2.7.0.2-2) ...
Processing triggers for libc-bin (2.19-10ubuntu2) ...
(Reading database ... 106884 files and directories currently installed.)
Preparing to unpack .../libvirt0_1.2.8-0ubuntu11.2_amd64.deb ...
Unpacking libvirt0 (1.2.8-0ubuntu11.2) over (1.2.8-0ubuntu11) ...
root@node2:/mnt# 

10、动态查看Log

tail -f /var/log/xx.log