tpo11 reading2

Because caged birds become disoriented when the sky is overcast, Kramer hypothesized that birds orient themselves according to the Sun's position.

 In one set of experiments, Kramer placed the box containing food at the same point of the compass each time he put food boxes in the birds` environment.细节

. Kramer demonstrated that an internal biological clock allows starlings to compensate for the Sun's movement.

 Kramer showed that night-migrating birds use the sky to navigate by the stars.