linux日志命令二tail和head

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最新推荐文章于 2023-06-21 18:05:47 发布

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tail 命令
head命令

tail 命令

tail命令可以将文件指定位置到文件结束的内容写到标准输出。

使用tail命令的-f选项可以方便的查阅正在改变的日志文件。
tail -f filename会把文件里最尾部的内容显示在屏幕上，并且不断刷新，使你看到最新的文件内容。

TAIL(1)                                                                                                        User Commands                                                                                                       TAIL(1)

NAME
       tail - output the last part of files
              输出文件的最后一部分

SYNOPSIS
       tail [OPTION]... [FILE]...

DESCRIPTION
       Print the last 10 lines of each FILE to standard output.  With more than one FILE, precede each with a header giving the file name.
       将每个文件的最后10行打印到标准输出。对于多个文件，在每个文件前面加上一个给出文件名的头。

       With no FILE, or when FILE is -, read standard input.
       没有文件时，或当文件为-时，读取标准输入。

       Mandatory arguments to long options are mandatory for short options too.
       长期权的强制参数对于短期权也是强制的。

       -c, --bytes=[+]NUM
              output the last NUM bytes; or use -c +NUM to output starting with byte NUM of each file
              输出最后一个NUM字节;或者使用-c +NUM以每个文件的字节数开始输出

       -f, --follow[={name|descriptor}]
              output appended data as the file grows;
              随着文件的增长，输出附加的数据;

              an absent option argument means 'descriptor'
              缺少的选项参数意味着“描述符”

       -F     same as --follow=name --retry

       -n, --lines=[+]NUM
              output the last NUM lines, instead of the last 10; or use -n +NUM to output starting with line NUM
              输出最后的NUM行，而不是最后10行;或者使用-n +NUM从行NUM开始输出

       --max-unchanged-stats=N
              with --follow=name, reopen a FILE which has not

              changed size after N (default 5) iterations to see if it has been unlinked or renamed (this is the usual case of rotated log files); with inotify, this option is rarely useful

       --pid=PID
              with -f, terminate after process ID, PID dies
              与-f，终止后进程ID, PID模具

       -q, --quiet, --silent
              never output headers giving file names
              永远不要输出带有文件名的头文件

       --retry
              keep trying to open a file if it is inaccessible

       -s, --sleep-interval=N
              with -f, sleep for approximately N seconds (default 1.0) between iterations; with inotify and --pid=P, check process P at least once every N seconds

       -v, --verbose
              always output headers giving file names
              总是输出带有文件名的头文件

       -z, --zero-terminated
              line delimiter is NUL, not newline
              行分隔符是NUL，不是换行符

       --help display this help and exit

       --version
              output version information and exit

       NUM may have a multiplier suffix: b 512, kB 1000, K 1024, MB 1000*1000, M 1024*1024, GB 1000*1000*1000, G 1024*1024*1024, and so on for T, P, E, Z, Y.
       NUM可以有一个乘法器后缀:b 512, kB 1000, K 1024, MB 1000*1000, M 1024*1024, GB 1000*1000*1000, G 1024*1024*1024，等等，用于T, P, E, Z, Y。

       With  --follow (-f), tail defaults to following the file descriptor, which means that even if a tail'ed file is renamed, tail will continue to track its end.  This default behavior is not desirable when you really want to track
       the actual name of the file, not the file descriptor (e.g., log rotation).  Use --follow=name in that case.  That causes tail to track the named file in a way that accommodates renaming, removal and creation.

输出最后的100个字符

 tail -c 100 test.log

从第650个字符开始输出，一直到最后

 tail -c +650 test.log

输出最后的5行

  tail -n 5 test.log

从第196行开始输出，一直到最后

  tail -n +196 test.log

输出指定文件的最后十行，同时继续监视文件内容有无变化，新增内容会继续输出，直到按下 [Ctrl-C] 组合键停止该命令。

  tail -f test.log

指定多个文件并输出文件名

  tail -v test.log test2.log

> test.log <
191 2018-09-08 15:49:15:724 MWPPA
192 2018-09-09 15:50:06:724 UWRQM
············
200 2018-09-17 15:58:13:725 PHKIZ

> test2.log <
391 2019-03-27 22:00:38:800 GKAVS
392 2019-03-28 22:01:39:801 FZZQO
···········
400 2019-04-05 22:09:42:802 EMIYR

指定多个文件不输出文件名

  tail -q test.log test2.log

head命令

head命令用于显示文件的开头的内容。在默认情况下，head命令显示文件的头10行内容。

HEAD(1)                                                                                                        User Commands                                                                                                       HEAD(1)

NAME
       head - output the first part of files

SYNOPSIS
       head [OPTION]... [FILE]...

DESCRIPTION
       Print the first 10 lines of each FILE to standard output.  With more than one FILE, precede each with a header giving the file name.
       将每个文件的前10行打印到标准输出。对于多个文件，在每个文件前面加上一个给出文件名的头。

       With no FILE, or when FILE is -, read standard input.
       没有文件时，或当文件为-时，读取标准输入。

       Mandatory arguments to long options are mandatory for short options too.
       长期权的强制参数对于短期权也是强制的。

       -c, --bytes=[-]NUM
              print the first NUM bytes of each file; with the leading '-', print all but the last NUM bytes of each file
              打印每个文件的第一个NUM字节;以“-”开头，打印每个文件的所有数字字节，但最后一个数字字节除外

       -n, --lines=[-]NUM
              print the first NUM lines instead of the first 10; with the leading '-', print all but the last NUM lines of each file
              打印第一行数字，而不是前10行;以“-”开头，打印每个文件的除最后几行以外的所有数字行

       -q, --quiet, --silent
              never print headers giving file names
              永远不要打印带有文件名的头文件

       -v, --verbose
              always print headers giving file names
              总是打印标题给出文件名

       -z, --zero-terminated
              line delimiter is NUL, not newline
              行分隔符是NUL，不是换行符

       --help display this help and exit

       --version
              output version information and exit

       NUM may have a multiplier suffix: b 512, kB 1000, K 1024, MB 1000*1000, M 1024*1024, GB 1000*1000*1000, G 1024*1024*1024, and so on for T, P, E, Z, Y.

AUTHOR
       Written by David MacKenzie and Jim Meyering.

REPORTING BUGS
       GNU coreutils online help: <http://www.gnu.org/software/coreutils/>
       Report head translation bugs to <http://translationproject.org/team/>

COPYRIGHT
       Copyright © 2016 Free Software Foundation, Inc.  License GPLv3+: GNU GPL version 3 or later <http://gnu.org/licenses/gpl.html>.
       This is free software: you are free to change and redistribute it.  There is NO WARRANTY, to the extent permitted by law.

SEE ALSO
       tail(1)

       Full documentation at: <http://www.gnu.org/software/coreutils/head>
       or available locally via: info '(coreutils) head invocation'

GNU coreutils 8.25                                                                                             February 2017                                                                                                       HEAD(1)
 Manual page head(1) line 1/55 (END) (press h for help or q to quit)

输出开始的100个字符

 head -c 100 test.log

从开始一直到倒数第6500个字符，进行输出

 head -c -6500 test.log

+或空，从头计数
-，从尾计数

指定多个文件并输出文件名

 head -v test.log test2.log

> test.log <
1 2018-03-02 12:39:06:698 YZXBB
··········
10 2018-03-11 12:48:06:702 ALXQQ

> test2.log <
201 2018-09-18 18:50:25:778 ZHWKD
···········
210 2018-09-27 18:59:39:779 HDRAT

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linux日志命令二tail和head

tail 命令tail命令可以将文件指定位置到文件结束的内容写到标准输出。使用tail命令的-f选项可以方便的查阅正在改变的日志文件。tail -f filename会把文件里最尾部的内容显示在屏幕上，并且不断刷新，使你看到最新的文件内容。NAME（名称） tail - output the last part of files 输出文件的...
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