Shell学习3：常用内部命令和外部命令

通过type命令查看其他命令是内部命令还是外部命令（type本身是内部命令）

[root@localhost ~]# type type
type is a shell builtin
[root@localhost ~]# type cat
cat is /usr/bin/cat
[root@localhost ~]# type yum
yum is /usr/bin/yum
[root@localhost ~]# type if
if is a shell keyword
[root@localhost ~]# type who
who is /usr/bin/who
[root@localhost ~]# type echo
echo is a shell builtin
[root@localhost ~]# type while
while is a shell keyword

[root@localhost ~]# echo abc bcd
abc bcd
[root@localhost ~]# echo -e "abc\tbcd"
abc     bcd
[root@localhost ~]# echo -e "abc\tbcd\nd"
abc     bcd
d
[root@localhost ~]# echo -en "abc\tbcd\nd"
abc     bcd

time一般用于统计一个应用程序运行的时间
[root@localhost ~]# time sleep 3

real    0m3.004s
user    0m0.001s
sys     0m0.003s

[root@localhost ~]# read A
abc
[root@localhost ~]# echo $A
abc
[root@localhost ~]# read A B C
a b c
[root@localhost ~]# echo $A $B $C
a b c

[root@localhost ~]# echo a:b:c:d | cut -d: -f1
a
[root@localhost ~]# echo a:b:c:d | cut -d: -f2
b
[root@localhost ~]# echo a:b:c:d | cut -d: -f3
c
[root@localhost ~]# echo a:b:c:d | cut -d: -f4
d

[root@localhost ~]# echo abcdef [a-z]
abcdef [a-z]
[root@localhost ~]# echo abcdef [a-z] | tr 'a-z' 'A-Z'
ABCDEF [A-Z]

[root@localhost ~]# wc /etc/hosts
  2  10 158 /etc/hosts
[root@localhost ~]# wc -l /etc/hosts   行数
2 /etc/hosts
[root@localhost ~]# wc -w /etc/hosts   word数
10 /etc/hosts
[root@localhost ~]# wc -c /etc/hosts   字符数
158 /etc/hosts