Socket网络编程

相关介绍

实现网络功能要靠URL类、URLConnection类、socket类、DatagramSocket类

• DataInputStream和DataOutputStream(PrintStream)类 是网间数据流的载体。
• URLConnection类提供比URL类更强的与服务器交互的控制功能。
• Socket类适用于面向连接的、可靠性要求高的应用。（分为客户端、服务器端、用TCP协议通信）
• Datagram类适用于效率要求高的应用。（用UDP通信）
• 服务器程序是多线程的，可处理多个用户的请求。

实例分析

1、下面是一个基于TCP通过socket实现client端和server端的通信程序。（类似于简单的聊天程序）

//服务器程序
package oracle.hl.Sockets;

import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.InputStreamReader;
import java.io.PrintWriter;
import java.net.ServerSocket;
import java.net.Socket;
/**
 * Socket编程 服务器程序
 * @author Administrator
 *
 */
public class SocketMyServer {
    public static void main(String args[]){
        try{
            //建立ServerSocket并等待连接请求
            ServerSocket server = new ServerSocket(1700);
            Socket socket = server.accept();

            //连接建立，通过Socket获得连接上的输入\输入流
            BufferedReader in = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(socket.getInputStream()));
            PrintWriter pw = new PrintWriter(socket.getOutputStream());

            //获取标准输入流，从键盘上接收数据
            BufferedReader sin = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(System.in));

            //先读取Client发送的数据,然后从标准输入读取数据发送给Client
            //当接收到bye时关闭连接
            String s ;
            while(!(s=in.readLine()).equals("bye")){
                System.out.println("# Received from Client: "+s);
                System.out.print("@ To Client:" );
                pw.println(sin.readLine());
                pw.flush();
            }

            System.out.println("The Connection is closing....");

            //关闭各种连接
            in.close();
            pw.close();
            socket.close();
            server.close();

        }catch(Exception e){
            e.printStackTrace();
        }


    }
}

//客户端程序
package oracle.hl.Sockets;
import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.InputStreamReader;
import java.io.PrintWriter;
import java.net.Socket;
/**
 * Socket客户端程序
 * @author Administrator
 */
public class SocketMyClient {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        try {
            System.out.println("client is runing:");    
            Socket socket = new Socket("127.0.0.1",1700);       //发出连接请求

            //建立连接，通过Socket获取连接上的输入\输出流
            PrintWriter out = new PrintWriter(socket.getOutputStream());
            BufferedReader in = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(socket.getInputStream()));

            //创建标准输入流，从键盘接收数据
            BufferedReader sin = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(System.in));

            //从标准输入中读取一行数据，发送给Server端，当用户输入bye时结束连接
            String s ;
            do{
                System.out.print("# To Server : ");
                s = sin.readLine();
                out.println(s);
                out.flush();
                if(!s.equals("bye")){
                    System.out.println("@ server response:" + in.readLine());
                }else{
                    System.out.println("The connection is closing");
                }

            }while(!s.equals("bye"));

            //关闭各种连接
            out.close();
            in.close();
            socket.close();
        } catch (Exception e) {
            // TODO: handle exception
        }
    }
}

测试结果截图：

2、基于UDP协议的网络通信，通过 DatagramSocket类的一个文件传输的小程序

服务器端程序：

package oracle.hl.Sockets;

import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.FileReader;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.net.DatagramPacket;
import java.net.DatagramSocket;
import java.net.InetAddress;

public class MyUdpServer {
    DatagramSocket socket = null;
    BufferedReader br = null;
    boolean moreQuotes = true;
    public void serverWork()throws IOException{
        //创建数据报套接字
        socket = new DatagramSocket(5000);
        //制定要返回给客户端数据的数据源
        br = new BufferedReader(new FileReader("SocketMyClient.java"));

        while(moreQuotes){
            //构造字节缓冲区
            byte [] buf = new byte[256];
            //接收客户端程序发过来的数据报
            DatagramPacket packet = new DatagramPacket(buf, buf.length);
            socket.receive(packet);

            String dString = null;
            if((dString = br.readLine()).equals("bye")){
                br.close();
                moreQuotes = false;
                dString = "no more sentences . Bye";
            }
            //获取要发送的数据
            buf = dString.getBytes();
            //记录客户端主机的ip地址、端口号等。
            InetAddress  address  = packet.getAddress();    
            int port = packet.getPort();
            //构造向客户端发送的数据包
            packet = new DatagramPacket(buf,buf.length,address,port);
            socket.send(packet);
        }
        socket.close();
    }
    //服务器端程序入口
    public static void main(String args []){
        MyUdpServer server = new MyUdpServer();
        try{
            server.serverWork();
        }catch(IOException e){
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }

}

客户端程序：

package oracle.hl.Sockets;

import java.io.IOException;
import java.net.DatagramPacket;
import java.net.DatagramSocket;
import java.net.InetAddress;

public class MyUdpClient {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {

        boolean flags = true;
        //构造数据报Socket
        DatagramSocket socket = new DatagramSocket();

        //下面是通过名字获取本机的ip地址
        InetAddress address = InetAddress.getByName("localhost");
//      InetAddress ad = InetAddress.getLocalHost();
//      System.out.println(ad);

        //构造请求数据包并发送
        System.out.println("The sentence by the server :\n");
        while(flags){
            byte[] buf= new byte[256];
            //发送空数据报给服务器
            DatagramPacket packet = new DatagramPacket(buf,buf.length,address,5000);
            socket.send(packet);
            //构造接受数据报并启动接受
            packet = new DatagramPacket(buf,buf.length);
            socket.receive(packet);
            //受到Server端响应数据报，获取数据并显示。
            String received = new String(packet.getData());
            if(received.equals("no more sentences . Bye")) flags = false;
            System.out.println(received);
        }
        //关闭数据报
        socket.close();
    }
}