可变参数问题以及实现简单的myprintf

该博客把可变参数原理讲述的很清晰

http://blog.csdn.net/hackbuteer1/article/details/7558979

原理：

由于函数调用时需要对参数压栈，而C中采用的是右压栈形式，所以我们可以设定第一个参数必须存在，（因为第一个参数根据右压栈，则第一次参数处于栈顶），这样我们就可以通过该参数地址，获取其他可变参数的地址．

如何实现printf(const char *format,...);如printf("myname:%s,myage:%d\n", name, age);

我们可以获得第一个参数的地址，即字符指针，然后对其指向的字符串进行分析，每当遇到%表示，存在参数，然后va_arg获取该参数输出即可；当是其他字符时，原样输出．

#include<stdio.h>
#include<string.h>
#include<stdarg.h>

//typedef char* va_list;
 for allignment
//#define _INTSIZEOF(n)  ( (sizeof(n) + sizeof(int) - 1) & ~(sizeof(int) - 1) )
 ap pointer the first variable argument
//#define va_start(ap, v)  ( ap = (va_list)&v + _INTSIZEOF(v) )
get the value of ap pointing, and update the ap,pointing next variable argument
//#define va_arg(ap, type)  ( *(type *) ((ap += _INTSIZEOF(type)) - _INTSIZEOF(type)) )
free the ap
//#define va_end(ap)  ( ap = (va_list)0 )

int sum(int count, ...)
{
    int i;
    int sum = 0;
    va_list ap;
    va_start(ap, count);
    for(i = 0; i < count; i++)
    {
        sum += va_arg(ap, int);
    }

    va_end(ap);
    return sum;

}

int demo(char *msg, ...)
{
    va_list ap;
    va_start(ap, msg);

    char *para = NULL;
    int argno = 0;
    while(1)
    {
        para = va_arg(ap, char *);
        if(strcmp(para, "\0") == 0)
            break;
        printf("Parameter #%d is : %s\n", argno, para);
        argno++;
    }

    va_end(ap);
    return 0;
}
// "int" Converted into a variety of plastic hex string
void myitoa(int value, char *str, int radix)
{
    char *my_str = str;
    int mod;
    do{
        mod = value % radix;
        value = value / radix;
        //for the hex
        if(mod > 9)
            *my_str++ = mod - 10 + 'A';
        //for the binary,oct,decimal
        else
            *my_str++ = mod + '0';
    }while(value != 0);

    *my_str = '\0';

    //get the right place
    for(my_str--; my_str - str > 0; str++, my_str--)
    {
        char temp;
        temp = *my_str;
        *my_str = *str;
        *str = temp;
    }
}

int myprintf(const char *format, ...)
{
    va_list ap;
    va_start(ap, format);
    char c;
    char str[20];
    while((c = *format))
    {
        switch(c)
        {
            case '%':
                {
                    format++;
                    char ch = *format;
                    switch(ch)
                    {
                        case 'd':
                            {
                                int num_d = va_arg(ap,int);
                                //printf("## %d##", num_d);
                                myitoa(num_d, str, 10);
                               // printf("## %s##", str);
                                fputs(str, stdout);
                                break;
                            }
                        case 'x':
                            {
                                int num_x = va_arg(ap, int);
                                myitoa(num_x, str, 16);
                                fputs(str, stdout);
                                break;
                            }
                        case 'c':
                            {
                                char num_c = va_arg(ap, int); //va_arg(ap, char) will be error
                                fputc(num_c, stdout);
                                break;
                            }
                        case 'f':
                            {
                                float num_f = va_arg(ap, double);//va_arg(ap, float) will be error
                                int num = (int)num_f;
                                myitoa(num, str, 10);
                                fputs(str, stdout);
                                fputc('.', stdout);

                                num = (num_f - num) * 100000;
                                myitoa(num, str, 10);
                                fputs(str, stdout);
                                break;
                            }
                        case 's':
                            {
                                char *num_s = va_arg(ap, char *);
                                fputs(num_s, stdout);
                                break;
                            }
                        default:
                            {
                                fputs("\ninvalid character\n", stdout);
                                break;
                            }
                        fflush(stdout);
                    }
                    break;
                }
            default:
                {
                    fputc(c, stdout);
                    fflush(stdout);
                    break;
                }
        }
        format++;
    }
    va_end(ap);
    return 1;
}

//int main()
//{
//    char str[20];
//    int num = 21;
//    myitoa(num,str,10);
//    printf("%s\n", str);

//    num = 7;
//    myitoa(num,str,2);
//    printf("%s\n", str);

//    num = 91;
//    myitoa(num,str,8);
//    printf("%s\n", str);

//    num = 252;
//    myitoa(num,str,16);
//    printf("%s\n", str);
//}

int main()
{
    myprintf("a = %d, b = %x, floatnum = %f, character = %c, string =%s, %a\n", 21,252, 121.123, '#', "jacky lau");
    int result = sum(3, 'a', 'a', 'a');
    printf("result: %d\n", result);

    result = sum(3, 1, 2, 3);
    printf("result: %d\n", result);

    result = sum(3, 1, 2, 'a');
    printf("result: %d\n", result);

    result = sum(3, 1, 2, 'a');
    printf("result: %d\n", result);

    demo("DEMO", "My", "name", "is", "Jacky Lau", "\0");

    return 1;
}