字符串转化atoi、atof

/* 将str转换为整型 */

int atoi(char *str)
{
	int i;
	int n, sign;
	for(i = 0; isspace(str[i]); i++)
		;
	sign = (str[i] == '-') ? -1 : 1;
	if(str[i] == '+' || str[i] == '-')
		i++;
	for(n = 0; isdigit(str[i]; i++)
		n = n * 10 + (str[i] - '0');
	return (n * sign);
}

/* 将str转换为相应的双精度浮点数 */

double atof(char *str)
{
	int i, sign;
	double val, power;
	for(i = 0; isspace(str[i]); i++)
		;
	sign = (str[i] == '-') ? -1 : 1;
	if(str[i] == '+' || str[i] == '-')
		i++;
	for(val = 0.0; isdigit(str[i]); i++)
		val = val * 10.0 + (str[i] - '0');
	if(str[i] == '.')
		i++;
	for(power = 1.0; isdigit(str[i]); i++)
	{
		val = 10.0 * val + (str[i] - '0');
		power *= 10;
	}
	return (val * sign / power);
}

/* 可以处理形如123.45e-6的科学表示法 */

double atof_ext(char *str)
{
	int i, sign, exp;
	double val, power;
	for(i = 0; isspace(str[i]); i++)
		;
	sign = (str[i] == '-') ? - 1 : 1;
	if(str[i] == '+' || str[i] == '-')
		i++;
	for(val = 0.0; isdigit(str[i]); i++)
		val = val * 10.0 + (str[i] - '0');
	if(str[i] == '.')
		i++;
	for(power = 10.0; isdigit(str[i]; i++)
	{
		val = val * 10.0 + (str[i] - '0');
		power *= 10;
	}
	val = sign * val / power;
	if(str[i] == 'e' || str[i] == 'E')
	{
		sign = (str[++i] == '-') ? -1 : 1;
		if(str[i] == '+' || str[i] == '-')
			i++;
		for(exp = 0; isdigit(str[i]); i++)
			exp = 10 * exp + (str[i] - '0');
		if(sign == 1)
			while(exp-- > 0)
				val *= 10;
		else
			while(exp-- > 0)
				val /= 10;
	}
	return val;
}