规则:
左外连接右带+
右外连接左带+
谁少谁带 +
遇到外连接的情况,可能表中的数据为空,where条件主表要注意用 or ,,is null
select A.AreaName,
P.CityName,
sum(J.TotalTest),
sum(J.ValidTest),
sum(J.ExvalueTest),
avg(J.NetScValue),
(sum(J.ValidTest)-sum(J.ExvalueTest))/Decode(sum(J.ValidTest),0,1,sum(J.ValidTest))*100,
P.Weight
from StatGroupInfo G,
StatGroupDetail GD,
AreaInfo A,
AreaTestPath P,
NetScPerfD J
where G.StatGroupCode = GD.StatGroupCode and
GD.AreaCode = A.AreaCode and
A.AreaCode=P.AreaCode and
(J.NetScItemCode='$NetScItemArr[$cnt]' or J.NetScItemCode is null ) and
P.CityCode = J.Resid(+) and 谁少谁带 +
P.ChangeType = 0 and
P.IsTest = 'Y' and
G.StatGroupCode='$StatGroupCode' and
(J.NetScDate between '$BeginDate' and '$EndDate' or J.NetScDate is null)
group by A.AreaName, P.CityName, P.Weight
order by 1,2
遇到外连接的情况,可能表中的数据为空,要注意用 or
一般的相等连接:
select * from a, b where a.id = b.id;
这个就属于内连接。
对于外连接:
Oracle中可以使用“(+) ”来表示,9i可以使用LEFT/RIGHT/FULL OUTER JOIN
LEFT OUTER JOIN:左外关联
SELECT e.last_name, e.department_id, d.department_name
FROM employees e
LEFT OUTER JOIN departments d
ON (e.department_id = d.department_id);
左外连接右带+
有外连接左带+
等价于
SELECT e.last_name, e.department_id, d.department_name
FROM employees e, departments d
WHERE e.department_id=d.department_id(+)
结果为:所有员工及对应部门的记录,包括没有对应部门编号department_id的员工记录。
RIGHT OUTER JOIN:右外关联
SELECT e.last_name, e.department_id, d.department_name
FROM employees e
RIGHT OUTER JOIN departments d
ON (e.department_id = d.department_id);
等价于
SELECT e.last_name, e.department_id, d.department_name
FROM employees e, departments d
WHERE e.department_id(+)=d.department_id
结果为:所有员工及对应部门的记录,包括没有任何员工的部门记录。
FULL OUTER JOIN:全外关联
SELECT e.last_name, e.department_id, d.department_name
FROM employees e
FULL OUTER JOIN departments d
ON (e.department_id = d.department_id);
结果为:所有员工及对应部门的记录,包括没有对应部门编号department_id的员工记录和没有任何员工的部门记录。
ORACLE8i是不直接支持完全外连接的语法,也就是说不能在左右两个表上同时加上(+),下面是在ORACLE8i可以参考的完全外连接语法
select t1.id,t2.id from table1 t1,table t2 where t1.id=t2.id(+)
union
select t1.id,t2.id from table1 t1,table t2 where t1.id(+)=t2.id