mysql语句通关50题

最新推荐文章于 2024-04-20 16:55:35 发布
最新推荐文章于 2024-04-20 16:55:35 发布
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分类专栏： 数据库 文章标签： mysql
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从网上寻的一套SQL经典50题，平时常用mysql，便自己针对mysql版本也把这作业补上了。放上来只当是交流，若发现不妥当的可以留言指导~

思路

  • 确定结果包含内容（包含几个表、是否都是表的字段）：
    • 是否排序；
    • 是否分组聚合；
    • 是否使用函数（函数的坑稍微留意）；
  • 表连接和子查询哪个更直接
  • 性能问题，多种写法对比

涉及点

  • 简单查询
  • 表连接查询
  • 子查询
  • 分组查询
  • 组内排序
  • 函数使用
  • 变量使用

题目难度并不是逐一递增，总体会有以上几个涉及点，可以通过题目关键字搜索自己感兴趣的。

练习数据库准备

-- 学生表
CREATE TABLE `Student`(
	`s_id` VARCHAR(20),
	`s_name` VARCHAR(20) NOT NULL DEFAULT '',
	`s_birth` VARCHAR(20) NOT NULL DEFAULT '',
	`s_sex` VARCHAR(10) NOT NULL DEFAULT '',
	PRIMARY KEY(`s_id`)
);
-- 课程表
CREATE TABLE `Course`(
	`c_id`  VARCHAR(20),
	`c_name` VARCHAR(20) NOT NULL DEFAULT '',
	`t_id` VARCHAR(20) NOT NULL,
	PRIMARY KEY(`c_id`)
);
-- 教师表
CREATE TABLE `Teacher`(
	`t_id` VARCHAR(20),
	`t_name` VARCHAR(20) NOT NULL DEFAULT '',
	PRIMARY KEY(`t_id`)
);
-- 成绩表
CREATE TABLE `Score`(
	`s_id` VARCHAR(20),
	`c_id`  VARCHAR(20),
	`s_score` INT(3),
	PRIMARY KEY(`s_id`,`c_id`)
);
-- 插入学生表测试数据
insert into Student values('01' , '赵雷' , '1990-01-01' , '男');
insert into Student values('02' , '钱电' , '1990-12-21' , '男');
insert into Student values('03' , '孙风' , '1990-05-20' , '男');
insert into Student values('04' , '李云' , '1990-08-06' , '男');
insert into Student values('05' , '周梅' , '1991-12-01' , '女');
insert into Student values('06' , '吴兰' , '1992-03-01' , '女');
insert into Student values('07' , '郑竹' , '1989-07-01' , '女');
insert into Student values('08' , '王菊' , '1990-01-20' , '女');
-- 课程表测试数据
insert into Course values('01' , '语文' , '02');
insert into Course values('02' , '数学' , '01');
insert into Course values('03' , '英语' , '03');
-- 教师表测试数据
insert into Teacher values('01' , '张三');
insert into Teacher values('02' , '李四');
insert into Teacher values('03' , '王五');
-- 成绩表测试数据
insert into Score values('01' , '01' , 80);
insert into Score values('01' , '02' , 90);
insert into Score values('01' , '03' , 99);
insert into Score values('02' , '01' , 70);
insert into Score values('02' , '02' , 60);
insert into Score values('02' , '03' , 80);
insert into Score values('03' , '01' , 80);
insert into Score values('03' , '02' , 80);
insert into Score values('03' , '03' , 80);
insert into Score values('04' , '01' , 50);
insert into Score values('04' , '02' , 30);
insert into Score values('04' , '03' , 20);
insert into Score values('05' , '01' , 76);
insert into Score values('05' , '02' , 87);
insert into Score values('06' , '01' , 31);
insert into Score values('06' , '03' , 34);
insert into Score values('07' , '02' , 89);
insert into Score values('07' , '03' , 98);

题目及答案

-- 1、查询"01"课程比"02"课程成绩高的学生的信息及课程分数
SELECT st.*,
       s1.`s_score`,
       s2.`s_score`
FROM `Student` st
LEFT JOIN Score s1 ON s1.`s_id` = st.`s_id` AND s1.`c_id` = '01'
LEFT JOIN Score s2 ON s2.`s_id` = st.`s_id` AND s2.`c_id` = '02'
WHERE s1.`s_score` > s2.`s_score`;

-- 2、查询"01"课程比"02"课程成绩低的学生的信息及课程分数
SELECT st.*,
       s1.`s_score`,
       s2.`s_score`
FROM `Student` st
LEFT JOIN Score s1 ON s1.`s_id` = st.`s_id` AND s1.`c_id` = '01'
LEFT JOIN Score s2 ON s2.`s_id` = st.`s_id` AND s2.`c_id` = '02'
WHERE s1.`s_score` < s2.`s_score` ;

-- 3、查询平均成绩大于等于60分的同学的学生编号和学生姓名和平均成绩
SELECT st.*,
       avg(s.`s_score`)
FROM `Student` st ,
     Score s
WHERE st.`s_id` = s.s_id
GROUP BY st.s_id HAVING avg(s.`s_score`) >= 60;

-- 4、查询平均成绩小于60分的同学的学生编号和学生姓名和平均成绩
SELECT st.*,
       avg(s.`s_score`) score
FROM `Student` st ,
     Score s
WHERE st.`s_id` = s.s_id
GROUP BY st.s_id HAVING avg(s.`s_score`) < 60;
UNION
SELECT st.*,
       '-'
FROM `Student` st
LEFT JOIN Score s ON s.`s_id` = st.`s_id`
WHERE s.`s_id` IS NULL;

-- 5、查询所有同学的学生编号、学生姓名、选课总数、所有课程的总成绩
SELECT s.*,
       count(sc.`c_id`),
       sum(sc.`s_score`)
FROM Student s ,
     Score sc
WHERE s.`s_id` = sc.`s_id`
GROUP BY s.`s_id`;

-- 6、查询"李"姓老师的数量 
SELECT count(*)
FROM `Teacher` t
WHERE t.`t_name` LIKE '李%';

-- 7、查询学过"张三"老师授课的同学的信息 
SELECT st.*
FROM `Student` st,
     Score s,
     Course c,
     `Teacher` t
WHERE st.`s_id` = s.`s_id`
  AND c.`t_id` = t.`t_id`
  AND s.`c_id` = c.`c_id`
  AND t.`t_name` = '张三';

-- 8、查询没学过"张三"老师授课的同学的信息 
SELECT *
FROM Student ss
WHERE ss.`s_id` NOT IN
    (SELECT st.`s_id`
     FROM `Student` st,
          Score s,
          Course c,
          `Teacher` t
     WHERE st.`s_id` = s.`s_id`
       AND c.`t_id` = t.`t_id`
       AND s.`c_id` = c.`c_id`
       AND t.`t_name` = '张三');

-- 9、查询学过编号为"01"并且也学过编号为"02"的课程的同学的信息
SELECT *
FROM Student st
WHERE EXISTS
    (SELECT 1
     FROM Score s
     WHERE s.`s_id` = st.`s_id`
       AND s.`c_id` = '01')
  AND EXISTS
    (SELECT 1
     FROM Score s
     WHERE s.`s_id` = st.`s_id`
       AND s.`c_id` = '02');

-- 10、查询学过编号为"01"但是没有学过编号为"02"的课程的同学的信息
SELECT *
FROM Student st
LEFT JOIN Score s1 ON s1.`s_id` = st.`s_id` AND s1.`c_id` = '01'
LEFT JOIN Score s2 ON s2.`s_id` = st.s_id AND s2.`c_id` = '02'
WHERE s1.`s_id` IS NOT NULL
  AND s2.`s_id` IS NULL;

-- 11、查询没有学全所有课程的同学的信息
SELECT st.*
FROM Student st ,
     Score s
WHERE st.s_id = s.s_id
GROUP BY st.s_id HAVING COUNT(s.c_id) <
  (SELECT COUNT(*)
   FROM Course);

-- 12、查询至少有一门课与学号为"01"的同学所学相同的同学的信息 
SELECT DISTINCT st.*
FROM Student st,
     Score s
WHERE st.s_id = s.s_id
  AND st.s_id <> '01'
  AND s.c_id IN
    (SELECT ss.c_id
     FROM Score ss
     WHERE ss.s_id = '01');

-- 13、查询和"01"号的同学学习的课程完全相同的其他同学的信息 
SELECT *
FROM Student st
WHERE st.s_id IN
    (SELECT ss.s_id
     FROM Score ss
     WHERE ss.c_id IN
         (SELECT s.c_id
          FROM Score s
          WHERE s.s_id = '01')
     GROUP BY ss.s_id HAVING COUNT(*) =
       (SELECT COUNT(*)
        FROM Score sss
        WHERE sss.s_id = '01'));
        
-- 14、查询没学过"张三"老师讲授的任一门课程的学生姓名 
SELECT *
FROM Student st
WHERE NOT EXISTS
    (SELECT 1
     FROM Score s
     LEFT JOIN Course c ON s.`c_id` = c.`c_id`
     LEFT JOIN Teacher t ON t.`t_id` = c.`t_id`
     WHERE t.`t_name` = '张三'
       AND s.`s_id` = st.`s_id`);

-- 15、查询两门及其以上不及格课程的同学的学号，姓名及其平均成绩 
SELECT st.*,
       temp.*
FROM Student st
INNER JOIN
  (SELECT s_id,
          COUNT(*) COUNT, AVG(s_score)
   FROM Score s
   WHERE s.s_score < 60
   GROUP BY s.s_id HAVING COUNT(*) >= 2) temp ON st.s_id = temp.s_id;
   
-- 16、检索"01"课程分数小于60，按分数降序排列的学生信息
SELECT * FROM Student st 
LEFT JOIN Score s ON s.s_id = st.s_id
WHERE s.c_id = '01' 
	AND s.s_score < 60 
ORDER BY s.s_score;

-- 17、按平均成绩从高到低显示所有学生的所有课程的成绩以及平均成绩
SELECT *
FROM Student st
LEFT JOIN
  (SELECT s.s_id ,
          AVG(s.s_score) avgScore
   FROM Score s
   GROUP BY s.s_id) TEMP ON TEMP.s_id = st.s_id
ORDER BY TEMP.avgScore;

SELECT st.* ,
       s1.s_score ,
       s2.s_score ,
       s3.s_score , 
       (SELECT avg(s.s_score) FROM Score s WHERE s.s_id = st.s_id) avgScore
FROM Student st
LEFT JOIN Score s1 ON s1.s_id = st.s_id AND s1.c_id = '01'
LEFT JOIN Score s2 ON s2.s_id = st.s_id AND s2.c_id = '02'
LEFT JOIN Score s3 ON s3.s_id = st.s_id AND s3.c_id = '03'
ORDER BY avgScore;

-- 18.查询各科成绩最高分、最低分和平均分：以如下形式显示：课程ID，课程name，最高分，最低分，平均分，及格率，中等率，优良率，优秀率
--及格为>=60，中等为：70-80，优良为：80-90，优秀为：>=90
SELECT c.c_id,
       c.c_name,
       MAX(s_score) MAX,
       MIN(s_score) MIN,
       ROUND(AVG(s_score), 2) AVG,
       ROUND(SUM(CASE WHEN s_score >= 60 THEN 1 ELSE 0 END)/COUNT(CASE WHEN s_score THEN 1 ELSE 0 END), 2) '及格',
       ROUND(SUM(CASE WHEN s_score >= 70 AND s_score < 80 THEN 1 ELSE 0 END)/COUNT(CASE WHEN s_score THEN 1 ELSE 0 END), 2) '中等',
       ROUND(SUM(CASE WHEN s_score >= 80 AND s_score < 90 THEN 1 ELSE 0 END)/COUNT(CASE WHEN s_score THEN 1 ELSE 0 END), 2) '优良',
       ROUND(SUM(CASE WHEN s_score >= 90 THEN 1 ELSE 0 END)/COUNT(CASE WHEN s_score THEN 1 ELSE 0 END), 2) '优秀'
FROM Course c
LEFT JOIN Score s ON s.c_id = c.c_id
GROUP BY c.c_id;

-- 19、按各科成绩进行排序，并显示排名
SELECT 
	a.s_id,
    a.c_id, 
    @i:=@i +1 AS i保留排名, 
    @k:=(CASE WHEN @score=a.s_score THEN @k ELSE @i END) AS rank不保留排名, 
    @score:=a.s_score AS score
FROM
  (SELECT s_id,
          c_id,
          s_score
   FROM Score
   GROUP BY s_id,
            c_id,
            s_score
   ORDER BY s_score DESC)a, 
   (SELECT @k:=0,@i:=0,@score:=0)s

另一种写法：
SELECT 
	s.c_id, 
	s.s_id, 
	s.s_score, 
	COUNT(s.s_score < s2.s_score) + 1 rank 
FROM Score s 
LEFT JOIN Score s2 ON s2.c_id = s.c_id AND s.s_score < s2.s_score
GROUP BY s.c_id , s.s_id
ORDER BY s.c_id, s.s_score desc;

-- 20、查询学生的总成绩并进行排名
SELECT *
FROM Student st
	LEFT JOIN (
		SELECT s.s_id, SUM(s.s_score) AS sum
		FROM Score s
		GROUP BY s.s_id
	) temp
	ON temp.s_id = st.s_id
ORDER BY temp.sum DESC;

-- 21、查询不同老师所教不同课程平均分从高到低显示 
SELECT c.c_name, t.t_name, s.c_id
	, ROUND(AVG(s.s_score), 2) AS avgScore
FROM Score s
	LEFT JOIN Course c ON c.c_id = s.c_id
	LEFT JOIN Teacher t ON t.t_id = c.t_id
GROUP BY s.c_id
ORDER BY avgScore DESC;

-- 22、查询所有课程的成绩第2名到第3名的学生信息及该课程成绩
SELECT *
FROM Student st
INNER JOIN
  (SELECT *
   FROM
     (SELECT s.*,
             COUNT(s.s_score < s1.s_score) + 1 rankNo
      FROM Score s
      LEFT JOIN Score s1 ON s.c_id = s1.c_id
      AND s.s_score < s1.s_score
      GROUP BY s.c_id,
               s.s_id
      ORDER BY s.c_id,
               s.s_score DESC) TEMP
   WHERE rankNo > 1
     AND rankNo < 4) temp2 ON temp2.s_id = st.s_id;
     
-- 23、统计各科成绩各分数段人数：课程编号,课程名称,[100-85],[85-70],[70-60],[0-60]及所占百分比     
SELECT temp.*
	, round(temp.`0-60` / COUNT(ss.s_id), 2) AS '0-60%'
	, round(temp.`0-60` / COUNT(ss.s_id), 2) AS '60-70%'
	, round(temp.`0-60` / COUNT(ss.s_id), 2) AS '70-85%'
	, round(temp.`0-60` / COUNT(ss.s_id), 2) AS '0-60%'
FROM (
	SELECT s.c_id, SUM(CASE 
			WHEN s.s_score < 60 THEN 1
			ELSE 0
		END) AS '0-60', SUM(CASE 
			WHEN s.s_score >= 60
			AND s.s_score < 70 THEN 1
			ELSE 0
		END) AS '60-70'
		, SUM(CASE 
			WHEN s.s_score >= 70
			AND s.s_score < 85 THEN 1
			ELSE 0
		END) AS '70-85', SUM(CASE 
			WHEN s.s_score >= 85 THEN 1
			ELSE 0
		END) AS '85-100'
	FROM Score s
	GROUP BY s.c_id
) TEMP
	LEFT JOIN Score ss ON ss.c_id = TEMP.c_id
GROUP BY ss.c_id;

-- 24、查询学生平均成绩及其名次 
SELECT result.*, @rankNo := @rankNo + 1
FROM (
	SELECT s.s_id, round(AVG(s.`s_score`), 2) AS avgScore
	FROM Score s
	GROUP BY s.`s_id`
	ORDER BY avgScore DESC
) result, (
		SELECT @rankNo := 0
	) temp;
  
-- 25、查询各科成绩前三名的记录  
SELECT s.`c_id`, s.`s_id`, s.`s_score`
	, COUNT(s.`s_score` < s2.`s_score`) + 1 AS rankNo
FROM Score s
	LEFT JOIN Score s2
	ON s2.`c_id` = s.`c_id`
		AND s2.`s_score` > s.`s_score`
GROUP BY s.`c_id`, s.`s_id`
HAVING COUNT(s.`s_score` < s2.`s_score`) < 3
ORDER BY s.`c_id`, s.`s_score` DESC;
 
-- 26、查询每门课程被选修的学生数 
SELECT s.`c_id`,
       count(*)
FROM Score s
GROUP BY s.`c_id`;

-- 27、查询出只有两门课程的全部学生的学号和姓名
SELECT st.*
FROM Student st
WHERE st.`s_id` IN (
	SELECT s.s_id
	FROM Score s
	GROUP BY s.`s_id`
	HAVING COUNT(s.`c_id`) = 2
);

-- 28、查询男生、女生人数 
SELECT st.`s_sex`, COUNT(st.`s_sex`)
FROM Student st
GROUP BY st.`s_sex`;

-- 29、查询名字中含有"风"字的学生信息
SELECT *
FROM Student st
WHERE st.`s_name` LIKE '%风%';

-- 30、查询同名学生名单，并统计同名人数
SELECT *
FROM Student st, (
		SELECT st.`s_name`, COUNT(*)
		FROM Student st
		GROUP BY st.`s_name`
	) temp
WHERE st.s_name = temp.s_name;

-- 31、查询1990年出生的学生名单
SELECT *
FROM Student st
WHERE st.`s_birth` BETWEEN '1990-01-01' AND '1990-12-31';

-- 32、查询每门课程的平均成绩，结果按平均成绩降序排列，平均成绩相同时，按课程编号升序排列 
SELECT *
FROM Course c, (
		SELECT s.`c_id`, round(AVG(s.`s_score`), 2) AS avgScore
		FROM Score s
		GROUP BY s.`c_id`
	) temp
WHERE c.c_id = temp.`c_id`
ORDER BY avgScore DESC, c.c_id;

-- 33、查询平均成绩大于等于85的所有学生的学号、姓名和平均成绩
SELECT *
FROM Student st
	INNER JOIN (
		SELECT s.s_id, round(AVG(s.`s_score`), 2) AS avgScore
		FROM Score s
		GROUP BY s.`s_id`
		HAVING round(AVG(s.`s_score`), 2) >= 85
	) temp
	ON temp.s_id = st.`s_id`;

-- 34、查询课程名称为"数学"，且分数低于60的学生姓名和分数 	
SELECT st.*, s.`s_score`
FROM Score s
	LEFT JOIN Course c ON c.`c_id` = s.`c_id`
	LEFT JOIN Student st ON st.`s_id` = s.`s_id`
WHERE c.`c_name` = '数学'
	AND s.`s_score` < 60;
	
-- 35、查询所有学生的课程及分数情况	
SELECT st.*,
       s1.`s_score` AS '语',
       s2.`s_score` AS '数',
       s3.`s_score` AS '英'
FROM Student st
LEFT JOIN Score s1 ON s1.`s_id` = st.`s_id` AND s1.`c_id` = '01'
LEFT JOIN Score s2 ON s2.`s_id` = st.`s_id` AND s2.`c_id` = '02'
LEFT JOIN Score s3 ON s3.`s_id` = st.`s_id` AND s3.`c_id` = '03';

-- 36、查询任何一门课程成绩在70分以上的姓名、课程名称和分数
SELECT st.*,
       c.`c_name`,
       s.`s_score`
FROM Score s,
     Student st,
     Course c
WHERE s.`s_id` = st.`s_id`
  AND s.`c_id` = c.`c_id`
  AND s.`s_score` >= 70;

-- 37、查询不及格的课程
SELECT c.*,
       min(s.`s_score`) minScore
FROM Score s,
     `Course` c
WHERE s.`c_id` = c.`c_id`
  AND s.`s_score` < 60
GROUP BY c.`c_id`;

-- 38、查询课程编号为01且课程成绩在80分以上的学生的学号和姓名
SELECT *
FROM Student st ,
     Score s
WHERE st.`s_id` = s.`s_id`
  AND s.`c_id` = '01'
  AND s.`s_score` >= 80;
  
-- 39、求每门课程的学生人数  
SELECT c.`c_name`,
       count(s.`s_id`) studentCount
FROM Score s,
     Course c
WHERE s.c_id = c.c_id
GROUP BY s.`c_id`;

-- 40、查询选修"张三"老师所授课程的学生中，成绩最高的学生信息及其成绩
SELECT *
FROM Student st
INNER JOIN
  (SELECT s.`s_id`,
          s.`s_score`
   FROM Score s
   WHERE EXISTS
       (SELECT 1
        FROM Course c,
             Teacher t
        WHERE c.`t_id` = t.`t_id`
          AND t.`t_name` = '张三'
          AND s.`c_id` = c.`c_id`)
   ORDER BY s.`s_score` DESC LIMIT 1) TEMP ON st.`s_id` = TEMP.`s_id`;
  
-- 41、查询不同课程成绩相同的学生的学生编号、课程编号、学生成绩  
SELECT DISTINCT s1.`s_id`,
                s1.`c_id`,
                s1.`s_score`
FROM Score s1
INNER JOIN Score s2 ON s2.`s_score` = s1.`s_score`
AND s1.`c_id` <> s2.`c_id`;

-- 42、查询每门功成绩最好的前两名 
SELECT s1.`c_id`,
       s1.`s_id`,
       s1.`s_score`
FROM Score s1
LEFT JOIN Score s2 ON s2.`s_score` > s1.`s_score`
AND s1.`c_id` = s2.`c_id`
GROUP BY s1.`c_id`,
         s1.`s_id` HAVING count(s1.`s_score` < s2.`s_score`) <= 1
ORDER BY s1.`c_id`,
         s1.`s_score` DESC;

另一种写法：        
SELECT a.s_id,
       a.c_id,
       a.s_score
FROM score a
WHERE
    (SELECT COUNT(1)
     FROM score b
     WHERE b.c_id=a.c_id
       AND b.s_score>=a.s_score)<=2
ORDER BY a.c_id;

-- 43、统计每门课程的学生选修人数（超过5人的课程才统计）。要求输出课程号和选修人数，查询结果按人数降序排列，若人数相同，按课程号升序排列  
SELECT s.`c_id`,
       count(*) sCount
FROM Score s
GROUP BY s.`c_id` HAVING count(*) >= 5
ORDER BY sCount DESC,
         s.`c_id`;

-- 44、检索至少选修两门课程的学生学号         
SELECT s.`s_id`
FROM Score s
GROUP BY s.`s_id` HAVING count(*) >= 2;

-- 45、查询选修了全部课程的学生信息
SELECT s.`s_id`
FROM Score s
GROUP BY s.`s_id` HAVING count(*) =
  (SELECT count(*)
   FROM Course);
 
-- 46、查询各学生的年龄   
SELECT st.*
	, DATE_FORMAT(Now(), '%Y') - DATE_FORMAT(st.`s_birth`, '%Y') - CASE 
		WHEN DATE_FORMAT(now(), '%m-%d') < DATE_FORMAT(st.`s_birth`, '%m-%d') THEN 1
		ELSE 0
	END AS age
FROM Student st;

-- 47、查询本周过生日的学生
SELECT st.*,
       WEEK(st.`s_birth`)
FROM Student st
WHERE WEEK(NOW()) = WEEK(st.`s_birth`);

（不同年度的日期对应的周值不一定相同！）
SELECT st.*,
       WEEK(st.`s_birth`),
       WEEK(concat(YEAR(now()),'-',right(st.`s_birth`,5)))
FROM Student st
WHERE WEEK(NOW()) = WEEK(concat(YEAR(now()),'-',right(st.`s_birth`,5)));

-- 48、查询下周过生日的学生
SELECT st.*,
       WEEK(st.`s_birth`),
       WEEK(concat(YEAR(now()),'-',right(st.`s_birth`,5)))
FROM Student st
WHERE WEEK(NOW()) = WEEK(concat(YEAR(now()),'-',right(st.`s_birth`,5))) - 1;

-- 49、查询本月过生日的学生
SELECT st.*,
       DATE_FORMAT(st.`s_birth`, '%m')
FROM Student st
WHERE DATE_FORMAT(NOW(), '%m') = DATE_FORMAT(st.`s_birth`, '%m');

-- 50、查询下月过生日的学生
SELECT st.*,
       DATE_FORMAT(st.`s_birth`, '%m')
FROM Student st
WHERE DATE_FORMAT(NOW(), '%m') = DATE_FORMAT(st.`s_birth`, '%m') -1;

部分有参考了启明星的指引童鞋的博文~

vacherf
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