英语语法总结(1)

名词

（1）专有名词China
（2）普通名词{
个体名词horse
集体名词people
物质名词fire
抽象名词labor
}

可数名词{
个体名词a book
集体名词
My family is a large one(整体)
My family are all music lovers(个体)
（若作为整体则为单数，为成员则为复数）
}

不可数名词{
物质名词water
抽象名词time
（看单词具体含义：time作时间为不可数，作次数为复数times）
}

可数名词词尾+s
s,x,ch,sh结尾的可数名词+es;
book->books
box->boxes

辅音字母+y结尾
变y为i+es
baby->babies
例外:boys,toys,ways

f/fe结尾f/fe变为v+es
wife->wives
例外:roof->roofs scarf->scarfs/scarves(围巾)

o+有生命+es
tomato->tomatoes
o+无生命+s
photo->photos
例外:kangaroo->kangaroos袋鼠,lingo->lingoes行话

不规则变化
man->men,child->children
foot->feet,mouse->mise

单复数同型
sheep,deer,bison,aircraft

某国人
中日不变英法变其他s加中间
Chinese Japanese(中日不变)
Englishman->Englishmen,Frenchman->Frenchmen(英法变)
American->Americans,German->Germans其他s加中间

只有复数形式的名词
trousers裤子
glasses眼睛
thanks感谢
cloths衣服

可数名词用具体的数词来修饰
不可数名词用数词+量词+of来修饰
a glasses of water一杯水
a grain of rice 一粒米
a ray of hope一线希望
a piece of advise一条建议

few,a few,many修饰可数名词
little,a little,much修饰不可数名词
可数名词和不可数名词都而可用some,any,a lot of(lots of)修饰
a few pens一些笔
much meat很多肉
a lot of knives许多刀
lots of orange juice许多橙汁

对可数名词提问用how many
不可数名词提问用how much
How many people are there in your family？你家有几口人？
How much milk do you want?你想要多少牛奶

人称代词

it的用法
无生命的事物
Jim loves football.It keep him healthy
吉姆热爱足球运动。这使他保持健康（it指足球运动）
单个名词
The piano has a long history.It was a gift for my grandfather's 5th bierthday.
这台钢琴有很长的历史。他是我祖父5岁时的生日礼物（it指代钢琴）
整个句子
He never eats pork.It is very strange,isn't it?
他从不吃猪肉。这很奇怪，不是吧？（it指整个句子He never eat pork）

不知性别的婴儿或小孩用it代指

宾格在用于回答问题时可作主语
who broke the window? them!

she还可以指代雌性动物，国家，船只或者车俩

we you they的泛指
用来泛指一般人
We all have our weakness我们都有弱点
You can never predict future谁也不能预测未来
They say global warming is a trend据说全球便面已成为一种趋势

them既可指人，也可指物或动物
The soldier died for her country,I am very proud of them战士为国捐躯，我为他们感到骄傲
Where can I put these eggs? -put them on the table.我把这些鸡蛋放哪儿？把他们放桌子上吧
The dog producted 3 puppies.Take care of them carefully.大狗生下了3只小狗。仔细照料他们

指示代词

this 这，这个 that 那，那个
 these 这，这些 those 那，那些

 （电话里）this that和可以指人
 Who is that? This a Kate.(电话中的对话)你是哪位？-我是凯特

 指示代词作主语
 Do these meet your requirements?这些达到你的要求了吗？
 指示代词作宾语
 I will promise that to you.我会向你保证的
 指示代词作形容词
 this that these those可放在名词前作指示形容词
 Do you like this room?你喜欢这间房吗？

 指示代词有时还可作表语
 My view is this我的观点是这样的

 that和those的特殊用法
 that可指代前面提到的单数名词，以避免重复
those可指代前面提到的复数名词
the birth rate in the United States this year is much lower than that of 2000
美国今年的出生率比2000年低得多
His suggestion are similar to those you gave.
他的建议和你给出的很相似

this的特殊用法
this+某名词 今年，今天
where were you this morning?
你今天早上在哪？
She is getting married this year?
她准备今年结婚

that的几个特殊用法
like that 这样
that is(to say)这就是说
that's all就这些
that's it说对了
Please fix it like this.
请这样把它固定住
You need to work from Monday to Saturday.That is to say,six days a week.
你需要从周一工作到周六。也就是说，一周工作六天
I quit the team.That's all.
我退出小组，就这些
That‘s it well done!
说对了，做的好

关于these days
表示近来，最近
Online games become more and more popular these days

冠词

定冠词the
不定冠词a,an (元音之前用an)

the
the表示“特定"的，表示某个特定的人或东西
在双方都知晓的名词前
在第二次提到某个东西时
用the
please open the door of our hourse
请把门打开。（我们所在那间房的门）
She bought a necklace and a ring last week.And she gave the necklace to her daughter as a gift.
她上周买了一条项链和一枚戒指。接着她把项链当作礼物送给了她的女儿.(第二次提到项链)

a,an
可数名词前，表“一个”，表示泛指，并没有说特别指定的某本书
He is friend of mine.
他是我的一个朋友

何时不使用冠词
专有名词、可数名词、可数名词复数、抽象名词（用于泛指）、物质名词（用于泛指）前一般不需要用冠词
China has a large population
中国人口众多(专业名词)
Boys like sports more than girls
男孩比女孩更喜欢运动(可数名词复数)
One should make life more meaningful
人应该使生命更有意义(抽象名词，泛指)
Coffee is my favorite drink
咖啡是我最喜欢的饮料(物质名词)

去掉冠词和保留冠词意义差别很大
go to schoo去上学
go to the school 去学校
go to church去教堂做礼拜
go to the church去教堂
go to bed上床睡觉
go to the bed到床那边去
go to hospital去医院看病
go to the hospital去医院

专业名词前冠词的用法
专业名词前一般是不使用冠词的，因为它本身就是特指的
某些特殊的专有名词前面要加上定冠词
地理名词（江，河，海，洋，山，群岛，海峡，海湾）前要加定冠词
the Yangzi River长江
the Red Sea红海
the Philippines菲律宾群岛
the English Channel英吉利海峡
某些国名、机构、学校、建筑物等专有名词前要加定冠词
the United States美国
the Nathonal Gallery国家美术馆
the Universy of Sydney悉尼大学
the Pentagon五角大楼

当抽象名词用于特指，是有一个限制性定语修饰的时候，加定冠词
I like the music.It's so lovely.
我喜欢这段音乐。它太美妙了。
Who is the auther of the poem?
这首诗的作者是谁？
Raising pets inspires the joy of her life
养宠物激起了她生活的乐趣
Regular maintenance can extend the life of a car（regular mantainance定期保养）
定期保养可以延长车的寿命

当物质名词用于特指, 特别是有限制性定语修饰时，加the
Please use the sugar in the blue container
请用蓝色容器里面的糖
The water in this pool is disinfected （disinfexted 消毒的）
这个池子里的水是消过毒的
The air of this city is not good
这个城市里的空气不太好
The soil in the north is much richer than the soil in the south
北方的土地比南方的土地更肥沃

季节、月份、日期前一般不加冠词
节日前可以加the
She was born in summer
她出生在夏天
School usually begin in September
学校通常九月开学
The rains come on Friday
雨季于周五来临
May 1st is the Labor Day
五月一日是劳动节

动词

及物动词（后面跟宾语，宾语可以是名词、代词，还可以和介词短语或副词连用）
Jack accepted her apologies.（宾语为名词）
杰克接受了她的道歉
The news surprised me（宾语为代词）
这则新闻使我吃惊
He divided the cake into four parts（及物动词和介词短语连用）
他把蛋糕分成了四份
The war influenced the whole nation（宾语为名词）
这场战争影响了整个国家

不及物动词（后面不跟宾语）
有些不及物动词后可接介词
My stomach aches
我胃疼
This can lead to serious infection （lead to）
这会导致很严重的感染
The sun rises from the east (rise from)
太阳从东方升起
He insist on his own idea (insist on)
他坚持自己的观点

系动词
也称为连系动词。
本身有词义，不能单独作谓语使用
接表语作系表结构
be,appear,become,feel,fall,get,go,look,keep
You are pretty
你很漂亮
She appears to be ill
她好像生病了
The cloth feels very soft
这布料手感很柔软
He looks tired
他看起来很累

助动词
协助谓语动词够成位于动词词组的动词
无词义，不能单独使用
be,have,do,shall,will,should,would
Do you speak English?
你会说英语吗？
Shall we dance together?
我们能一起跳舞吗？
I will finish the task on time
我将按时完成任务
She said she would come tomorrow.
她说她明天回来

study即是及物动词也是不及物动词
大部分动词可以即使及物动词又是不及物动词
He speaks quite fluent Italian
他意大利语说得很流畅
Who is speaking？
谁在说话？
She‘s drinking coffe now
她正在喝咖啡
She drank a lot
她喝了很多

动词得四种形式
现在式 do
过去式 did
过去分词 done
现在分词 doing

make made made making

put put put putting(以重度闭音节结尾且末尾只有一个辅音字母的词双写+ing)

equip equipped equipped equipping

动词的时态
最常用得5种:
一般现在时
一般过去时
现在进行时
一般将来时
现在完成时
He teaches German(一般现在时)
他教德语
I am watching TV now（现在进行时）
我正在看电视
She told me a secret yesterday(一般过去时)
她昨天告诉我一个秘密
Zack will graduate from university next year(一般将来时)
扎克将于明年大学毕业
I had ended my trip（现在完成时）
我结束了我的路程


动词时态的构成方法
（过去式不同于过去分词）
一般现在时:谓语考虑三单
一般过去时:过去式
现在进行时:be+现在分词
一般将来时:will+动词原形1
现在完成时:had+过去分词
She is singing in the room
她正在房间里唱歌
He was a postman ten years ago
他十年前是个邮递员
I will come back in three years
我三年后回来
I have finished the lunch
我吃完了午餐

动词得紧缩形式
I am->I'm,I am not->I'm not
he is->he's he is not->he isn't
you have->you've  you have not->you haven't
she will->she'll,she will not->she won't

形容词

品质形容词
表示人或者物得品质、性质。
可以用于比较级
He is an honest man
他是一个诚实的人
The flower is very beautiful
这花非常漂亮
She is older than you（比较级）
她比你大
I love hot summer
我喜欢炎热的夏天

类属形容词
表示人或物得类别、种类。
不能用于比较级
His conduct constitutes an economic crime(economic)
他的行为构成了经济犯罪
My uncle likes reading internatinal news(international)
我叔叔喜欢看国际新闻
The captain flies domestic routs only(domestic)
这位机长只飞国内航班
She has a deep understnding of the local culture(local)
她对当地文化有着深深刻的了解

颜色形容词
she is wearing an orange dress(orange)
她穿着一件橘色的衣服
Her face goes red when feeling nervous(red)
她一紧张脸就变红
He is fascinated with your light brown hair(light brown浅棕色)
他对你浅棕色的头发非常着迷
The prize is a white Tedday Bear(white)
奖品是一只白色的泰迪熊

强调形容词
其强调作用的形容词
I have absolute trust in my doctor(absolute)
我完全信任我的医生
It was a total problem to me (total)
对我来说这完全是个问题
The entire continent was coverd with snow(entire)
整个大陆都被雪覆盖了
It was pure luck that he wasn't hit by the car(pure)
他没有被车撞到真是太幸运了

冠词+品质形容词+颜色形容磁+类别形容词+名词
一栋蓝色小木屋
a little blue wooden house

形容词作定语
放在名词前作定语
what a kind girl!
多么好心的女孩！
They are close friend
他们是亲密的朋友
He ordered a cup of white coffee
她点了一杯加奶的咖啡
Could you give me a resonable example？
你能给我一个合理的解释吗？

形容词作表语
be+形容词
a开头的形容词只能作表语
These peaches are ripe
这些桃子熟了
I am sorry to hear that
听到那个我很难过
Susie is alone(at home)
苏西独自一人（在家）
She is aware of his absence
她知道他缺席了

形容词作宾语的补语或状语
Do you think it perfect?（作宾语补语）
你认为这完美吗？
Have your ticketss ready（作宾语补语）
把车票准备好
He returned to hometown .despaired（作状语）
他绝望地返回了故乡
She is very weak,unable to say anything（作状语）
她非常虚弱，说不出话

定冠词the+形容词
表示一类人
We should respect the old
我们应该尊重老年人
It's wrong to look down upon the poor
看不起穷人是错误的
His wife is one of the unemployed
他的妻子是失业人群中的一员
The injured should be taken to hospital immediately
伤者应立即被送往医院

the+某些形容词
表示某种事物或品质
He likes exploring the mystical
他喜欢探索神秘的事物
We are ready to deal with the unexpected
我准备好了应对预料不到的问题
Challenge yourself to do the impossible
挑战自己去做那些不可能的事吧
Our objective is to discover the good,the beautiful and the true
我们的目标事发掘真善美

副词 

时间副词
表示动作的发生时间
Let's start the meeting now
我们现在开会
Lucy moved to London ten years ago
露西十年前搬到了伦敦
See you later
回头见
You look so beautiful today
你今天看起来真漂亮
表示动作发生的频率程度（频率副词）
constantly always rarely
She often goes shopping
她经常去购物
He goes to see his doctor periodically
他定期去看医生
It rarely rain here
这里很少下雨
He never writes to me
他从不给我写信

地点副词
表示地点，地区范围
She is downstairs
她在楼下
His son will study abroad next month
他儿子下个月去国外留学
There is only one KFC restaurant locally
本地只有一家肯德基餐厅
The virus spread widely
病毒散播开来

程度副词和强调副词
程度副词修饰动词’形容词或另一副词
I fully understand him
我完全理解他（修饰动词）
She is terribly hurt
她伤的很严重（修饰动词）
His answer is absolutely correct
他的回答完全正确（修饰形容词）
Everything goes quite smoothly（修饰副词）
事情进展得相当顺利

强调副词，修饰动词，形容词
I quite agree（修饰动词）
我完全同意
He knew completely nothing about it（修饰动词）
他对此一无所知
You are entirely wrong （修饰形容词）
你完全错了
The end of the movie is just perfect(修饰形容词)
这电影得结局太完美了

疑问副词、连接副词、关系副词
疑问副词 how where when why
How is your mother?
你母亲还好吗？
Where did you find her?
你在哪儿找到她的
When are you going to leave?
你打算什么时候离开
Why didn't you call me?
你为什么没打电话给我

连接副词how where when why引导从句或与不定式连用
That 's how I look at it（引导表语从句）
这是我得看法
Tell me where she is（引导宾语从句）
告诉我他在哪
I haven't decided when to tell her（引导宾语从句）
我还没决定何时告诉她
Why Ben fell in love with her is clear（引导主语从句）
本为什么爱上她已经很清楚了

关系副词where when why引导关系从句作宾语
This is the place where I lived in my childhood
这是我童年生活的地方
At the time when I first met him, he was only 9
我第一次遇到他的时候，他只有9岁
Sorry,I can't tell you the  reason why I refused the job offer
对不起，我不能告诉你我拒绝那份工作的原因
She is going to Shanghai,where many young people hope to live
她打算去上海，一个许多年轻人希望居住的城市

I ofen read books
I am ofen at home
ofen,usually,never,sometimes
表示频度的副词通常放在动词前面
有系动词be，则放在be后面
He seldom plays tennis
他很少打网球
He is seldom late
她很少迟到
I always go to school on time
我总是按时上学
I am always energetic
我总是充满活力

副词作状语
修饰动词，形容词，副词，整个句子
Have you visited your parent-in-law recently
你最近拜访过你的岳父岳母吗？（修饰动词）
We are terribly happy to see you here
在这里见到你太开心了（修饰形容词）
He drove too fast.I couldn't follow him
他开的太快了，我跟不上他(修饰副词)
Obviously she will come again
显然他还会再来（修饰整句话）

副词作表语
Is Mr.White back?（back）
怀特先生回来了吗？
The match was over at 11 o'clock（over）
比赛11点就结束了
He will be here soon （here）
他马上就来
Have you been abroad before（abroad）
你以前出过国吗？

副词作定语
You take the wrong bus.Take the one behind.（behind）
你成错了车，该乘后面的那辆
Look at the picture below(below)
看下面的那张图片
Please use the down lift(down)
请使用向下的升降机
The neighbours around were very friendly（around）
周围的邻居都非常友善

副词作宾语的补语
与宾语一起构成复合宾语
Keep your coat on if you feel cold(on)
如果你觉得冷可以穿着大衣
I asked him out （out）
我约他出去   
Wait a moment.I'll put you through to the doctor right now（through）
稍等一下，我马上为您接通医生的电话
The coach let him in (in)
教练让他加入了（团队）

 介词

时间介词
引导时间短语
at,on,in,before,after,until,during
几点钟 at
某一天 on
某年，某月，某个季节 in
Lisa gets up at 7 o'clock
丽莎7点起床
See you on Sunday.
星期天见
Leaves turn yellow in autumn
秋天树叶变黄
He didn't stop writing until midnight
直到物业他才停止写作


地点介词
引导地点短语
in,on,at,under over,in front of,behind
Thd was in the library  this morning
泰德今天上午在图书馆
Your book is on the desk
你的书在装上
They are sitting under the tree
他们正坐在树下
In front of the house is a samll garden
房子前面是一个小花园

其他介词
He goes to work by bus(by)
他乘公交上班
Due to the heavy rain,we cancelled the camping(Due to)
由于大雨，我们取消了野营
We are talking about the essay(about)
我们正在讨论那篇文章
She likes drinking coffee without sugar(without)
她喜欢喝不加糖的咖啡

介词短语
名词，代词，动名词，what引导的从句等等与介词构成介词短语
Is she at the airport?她在机场吗？（名词）
I changed my mind because of you  因为你我改变了主意（代词）
He left instead of staying with us 她离开了，并没有和我们待在一起。（动名词）
Thank you for what you have done for me谢谢你为我所做地一切（what引导的从句）

above,over在...之上
over垂直在上

below,under在...之下
under在...正下方

The water came above our knees 水没过了我们的膝盖
There is a lamp over the table桌子上方悬挂着一盏灯（正上方）

Please write  your name below the line请在横线下方写上名字
The cat is under the bed猫在床下面（指正下方）

介词短语作状语
She arrived at the cinema on time （on time）她按时到达了电影院
He is good at performance 他善于表演(at performance)
I prepared the dinner for two hours我花了两个小时准备晚餐(for two hours)
At last the manager agreed to our suggestion最后经理同意了我们的建议(at last)


介词短语做定语
of，in，with，to常引导介词短语做定语
The girl next to Tom is his girlfriend(to)
汤姆旁边的那个女孩是他的女朋友
Do you know the boy in purple?(in)
你认识穿紫衣服的那个男孩吗？
That's the difference between us(between)
这就是我们之间的区别
She was employed as a staff of IBM(of)
她被雇用为IBM公司的员工

介词短语做表语或宾语补语
The rose was at its brightest（做表语）
玫瑰花开的正艳‘
The bookshop is around the corner（做表语）
书店在拐角处
I saw him at work（作宾语补语）
我看见他在工作
They found the child in poor health
他们发现那个孩子的健康状态不好

介词构成的动词短语
（动词+介词）
stick to坚持 come across 碰到
look after照料 agree with同意
（动词+副词+介词）
run out of 用完 look down on/upon瞧不起
put up with忍受 look forwar to盼望

 连词

并列连词
连接并列的但不相互依存的词，短语，句子
and,or,either..or,neither..nor,not only..but also, as well as
Take a shower and go to bed
洗澡然后上床睡觉
What do you want,chocolate or ice cream?
你想吃什么，巧克力还是冰淇凌
Neither you nor Tim is the right candidate
你和蒂姆都不是合适的人选
We have to travel by air as well as by train
我们要搭乘飞机还是火车

表示转折意思的连词
but，yet
连接两个并列的词或分句
I got home,but nobody was there
我到家了，但是没有人在家
They are brothers,but in a bad relationship
他们是兄弟，但是关系不好
The jewelry was not nice,yet expensive
这件珠宝并不漂亮，但却昂贵
It's incredible,yet true.
这的确难以置信，但却是真的

表示因果关系的连词
因为,for,as,because,since
所以,so,therefore,hence
The plane had been delayed,for the weather was awfully bad
飞机晚点了，因为天气太恶劣了
We look like each other as we are sisters
我们看起来很想像，因为我们是姐妹
She felt very thirsty so she bought a big bottle of water
她觉得很渴，所以她买了一大瓶水
People don't protect the environment,therefore the green hourse effect has become more and more serious
人们不保护环境，因此温室效应变得越来越严重

引导时间状语从句的“从属连词”
从属连词引导从句
when,while,as,before,after,until,till,since,whenever
Everyone stopped talking when the music sounded（when）
当音乐响起的时候每个人都停止了交谈
It took her 2 hours to dress up before she left home(before)
他离开家前花了两个小时打扮
Tracy often drinks a glass of water after she gets up(after)
特雷西在起床后经常喝一杯水
 How long is it since you came to China？（since）
 你来中国多久了？

 多个词时，and只需用在最后一个单词的前面
 I like coffee,milk,chocolate and ice cream.
 我喜欢咖啡、牛奶、巧克力、和冰淇凌
 I'm interested in singing ,dancing ,reading,and traveling
 我对唱歌，跳舞，阅读，旅游感兴趣
which would you like,watch,perfume or necklace?（perfume香水）
手表、香水和项链，你喜欢哪一样
He isn't fond of reading newspapers,magazines or periodical（periodical 期刊）
他对阅读报纸，杂志以及期刊不感兴趣

引导条件从句的从属连词
if,unless,supposing,suppose,provided,providing
We will go for a picnic if it's not rainy tomorrow.（if）
如果明天不下雨，我们将去野餐
I will never forgive hime unless he apologizes to me(unless)
除非他向我道歉，否则我不原谅他
Suppose you were him,what would you do?(suppose)
假如你是他，你会怎么做？
I will dance with him provided that he invites me(probided)
如果他邀请我，我会和她跳舞

引导目的从句的从属连词
in order that,so that,so,that
I turned on the light in order that we can see more clearly（in order that）
我把灯打开以便我们都能看的更清楚
Be quick so that we won't miss the bus(so that )
穿上大衣，这样我们就不会错过巴士
Put on your coat so you won't feel cold(so)
穿上大衣,这样你就不会感到冷了
I’ll give you some examples that you can understand the concept more thoroughly.(that)
我将举几个例子，以便我们能更透彻地理解这个概念

引导原因和结果从句地从属连词
because,as,since
so..that,such..that
I didn't see him because it was dark（because）
因为光线太暗，我没有看到他
He was absent as he was ill(as)
他因为生病缺席了
The milk is so hot that I can't drink(so..that)
牛奶太烫了，我喝不了
He has made such a good effort that his French has greatly improved(such..that)
他那样努力地学习，法语得到了极大地提高

引导让步从句地从属连词
although,though,even though ,even if,while
He failed the exam although he prepared well(although)
尽管准备得很充分，他考试还是没及格
Though not beautiful,she is elegant and dignified(though)
他虽然不漂亮，却很优雅端庄
She fell in love with him even though he was poor（even though）
尽管他很穷，她还是爱上了我他
I will arrive on time,even if it rains.(even if)
即使下雨，我也会准时到达

 感叹词

感叹词
 表示说话人得情绪，语气较强烈，用！，如果不够强烈，用逗号
 Oh,how kind you are
 呵，你真好
 Oh,what a sunny day
 呵，多么晴朗的天气
oh!how you frightened me!
啊! 你吓了我一跳！
Oh,there he is!
啊，他来了

oh的用法
oh,al,well
oh表示惊讶，恐慌，痛苦高兴等
“哦”，“啊”，“呵”，“哎呀”
Oh,how terrible the movie is!
啊，这电影真恐怖！(惊恐)
“Oh,oh” he cried."My stomach!My head！"
“哎呦，哎哟！”他大声喊道，“”我的肚子！我的头！（痛苦）
Oh,I'm very sorry for having you wait so long!
哦，我非常抱歉让你久等了！（懊悔）
Oh,great!She's getting married!
哦，太好了！她要结婚了（高兴）

ah的用法
惊讶，高兴，懊悔，痛苦，恳求
“啊”，“呀”
Ah,it's incredible！
啊，真令人难以置信！(惊讶)
Ah,here's the pen I'm after
呀，我要找的笔在这呢！（高兴）
Ah,what a lovely baby!
呀，多可爱的宝宝啊！（赞美）
Ah,how pitiful！
啊，真可怜！（怜悯）

well的用法
欣慰，惊讶，犹豫，让步，无奈
“好吧”，“不过”，“嗯”
well,finally here you are!
好了，你终于到了！（欣慰）
well,what can we do next?
嗯，下一步我们该怎么做？（犹豫）
well,you must come to dinner tomorrow
不过，你明天一定要来吃晚饭（让步）
Well,I have tried my best
嗯。我已经尽力了（无奈）

why也可以用作感叹句
表示惊奇，惊讶
"怎么搞的"
不足为奇
”这么简单“
Why！The watch is gone！
怎么搞得！手表不见了！
Why，you look so pale!
怎么搞的，你看起来很苍白
why,it's so easy!Even a child do it
这么简单！甚至连小孩子都能做
Why!It's him
怎么搞得！竟然是他！

打招呼
hello,hi,hey
Hello,is anyone there?
歪，有人在吗？
Hi,Julie,How are you?
嗨，朱莉，最近怎么样
Hey,come here！
嘿，到这边来！
Hello,who's here？
歪，谁在那？

用来表示疼痛的感叹词
ow,ouch
"啊"，“奥”，“哎呦”
Ow!My leg hurts.
奥！我腿疼
Ow！You are hurting me
啊！你把我弄疼了！
Ouch,I cut my finger
哎呦，我把手指割破了
Ouch!You stepped on my foot!
哎呦，你踩到我的脚了！

女性常用
oh dear,dear me,(my)goodness,(good)gracious me
Oh dear! I've lost my key
天哪！我把钥匙弄丢了
Dear me,who can help me?
天哪！谁能帮帮我
My goodness!My wallet is gone
我的天哪！我的钱包不见了
Gracious me!What have you done to yourself?
我的天哪！你把自己弄成什么样子了？

男性常用
oh Lord,(good)heavens,good Lord
表示惊讶，不高兴等
“天哪”，”我的老天“
Oh Lord，please help me!
天哪!请帮帮我吧！
Good heavens! what a messy room!
我的老天！这房间真乱
Heavens,is she really only 5 years old
天哪，她真的只有5岁
Good Lord,what else can we do?
我的老天，我们还能做什么

 数词

基数词
one,two,three,fore,five,six,seven,eight,nine,ten,
eleven,twelve,thirteen,fourteen,fifteen,sixteen,seventeen,eighteen,ninteen,twenty,
thirty,forty,fifty,sixty,seventy,eighty,ninty
a hundred,a thousand,a million,a billion

几十几中间加连字符
28 twenty-eight
56 fifty-six
71 seventy-one

101~999
先说几百，中间用and，后面根几十几
135
one hundred and thirty-five
302
three hundred and two


100以上的数
第四位thousand 第七位million 第十位为billion
2276
rwo thousand ,two hundred and seventy-six
4,802,000
four million,eight hundred and two thousand
6,300,000,000
six billion three hundred million

序数词
first,second,third,fourth,fifth,sixth,seventh,eighth,ninth,tenth,
eleventh, twelfth,fourteenth,fifteenth,sixteenth,seventeenth ,eighteenth,nineteenth
twentieth,thirtieth,fourtieth,fiftieth,sixtieth,seventieth,eightieth,ninetieth
1~19后面加th
20，30....y->ie+th

两位数的序数词
25 twenty-fifth
三位数的序数词，最后一个基数词变为序数词
121 one hundred and twenty-first

分数词
基数为分子，序数为分母
分子大于1，序数词用复数形式(区别几十几的序数词)
1/3 one-third
3/4 three-fourths

分数时百分数时，百分号用percent表示
1% one percent
100% one hundred percent

小数，小数点用point
0.5 zero point five
6.9 six point nine

顺序可以用基数词也可以用序数词
paragraph one / the first paragraph第一段
chapter one / the first chapter第三章
part ten / the tenth part 第十部分
lesson twenty-nine /the twenty-ninth lesson 第二十九节课

in the/one's...
MY mother is in her forties
She is in her early twenties 

编号的东西用基数词
第20页 Page 20
305号房间 Room 305
8号车厢Carriage No.8
701路公共汽车Bus No.701

日期用序数词
June 1st  6月一号
August 22nd 8月22号
April 23rd 4月23号
October 8th 10月8号

基数词用于复数形式
There are hundreds of apple trees around
这附近有基百颗苹果树

序数词与a连用
表示，再一次，又一次
序数表示这是第几次
Shed wanted to try that dissert a second time
她想再次尝尝那款甜点
He‘s getting married a third time 他将第三次结婚