标准库IO总结

--------IO----------
<stdlib-IO>
    FILE *fopen(char *file,char *mode);
    int fclose(FILE *fp);
in：
    input format conversion:
    1.read input from stdin:
    int scanf(char *format,...);
    2.read input from the stream pointer stream:
    int fscanf(FILE *stream,char *format,...);
    3.read input from the char poiter ptr:
    int sscanf(char *str,char *format,...);
    4.input of charactor from stdin
    int getchar(void);
    5.input of charactor from stream pointer stream:
    int fgetc/getc(FILE *stream);
    6.input of string from stream(can be stdin) and stores them into buffer poionted by s:
    char *fgets(char *s,int size,FILE *stream);
    7.binary(阻塞型) stream input
    size_t fread(void *ptr,size_t size,size_t nmemb,FILE *stream)
out：
    1.write in stdout:
    int printf(char *format,...);
    int putchar(int c);
    int puts(char *s);
    2.write in file:
    int fprintf(FILE *stream,char *format,...);
    int fputc(int c,FILE *stream);
    int fputs(char *s,FILE *stream)
    3.write in string:
    int sprintf(char *ptr,char *format,...);
    4.binary stream output:
    size_t fwrite(void *ptr,size_t size,size_t nmemb,FILE *stream);

offset：

    1.set file position indicator:
    set to the beginning:
    void rewind(FILE *stream);
    set to a position by adding offset bytes to the position specified by whence:
    int fseek(FILE *stream,long offset,int whence);
    set a position by adding pos to the begining：
    int fsetpos(FILE *stream,fpos_t *pos);
    2.get file position
    get posion to return,the top len is 2^32:
    int ftell(FILE *stream);
    get posion and store it into pos:
    int fgetpos(FILE *stream,fpos_t *pos);
dynamic memory:
    void * malloc(size_t size);
    void free(void *ptr);

[标准输入输出的的缓冲区]
1.这个缓冲区既不是内核中的缓冲区，也不是用户分配的缓冲区，而是由编译器维护的进程空间中的缓冲区；
2.输出信息先存入缓冲区，当遇到刷新条件时才会输出。
3.标准中没有规定各种流是什么缓冲，stdout是哪种缓冲区由环境决定。例如，在终端中stdout为行缓冲，

刷新条件如下：
行缓冲：换行、满、强制刷新fflush(FILE *stream)   终端设备的stdout是行输出
全缓冲：满、强制刷新   默认为全缓冲，除了终端设备
无缓冲：立即输出