Nginx详解之一（入门安装配置示例）

前言

Nginx是一款面向性能设计的HTTP服务器，相较于Apache、lighttpd具有占有内存少，稳定性高等优势。
Nginx核心功能有反向代理、负载均衡、http服务器、正向代理。
Nginx充分使用异步逻辑从而削减了上下文调度开销，所以并发服务能力更强。整体采用模块化设计，有丰富的模块库和第三方模块库，配置灵活。

下载安装

官网地址：nginx: download

Linux系统：

1. 以centos6举例，在 /etc/yum.repos.d/ 目录下创建一个源配置文件nginx.repo，内容如下

   [nginx]
   name=nginx repo
   baseurl=http://nginx.org/packages/centos/$releasever/$basearch/
   gpgcheck=0
   enabled=1

2. yum源下载安装nginx

  yum install -y nginx

3. 安装完成

Windows系统：

建议选择稳定版本

这里我便选择了1.20.2的版本，解开压缩包即可使用

配置使用

Linux系统：

1. 默认的配置文件在 /etc/nginx/conf.d 目录下，名为default.conf。默认配置如下

  server {
      listen       80;
      server_name  localhost;
  
      #charset koi8-r;
      #access_log  /var/log/nginx/host.access.log  main;
  
      location / {
          root   /usr/share/nginx/html; #默认生成的目录
          index  index.html index.htm;
      }
  
      #error_page  404              /404.html;
  
      # redirect server error pages to the static page /50x.html
      #
      error_page   500 502 503 504  /50x.html;
      location = /50x.html {
          root   /usr/share/nginx/html;
      }
  
      # proxy the PHP scripts to Apache listening on 127.0.0.1:80
      #
      #location ~ \.php$ {
      #    proxy_pass   http://127.0.0.1;
      #}
  
      # pass the PHP scripts to FastCGI server listening on 127.0.0.1:9000
      #
      #location ~ \.php$ {
      #    root           html;
      #    fastcgi_pass   127.0.0.1:9000;
      #    fastcgi_index  index.php;
      #    fastcgi_param  SCRIPT_FILENAME  /scripts$fastcgi_script_name;
      #    include        fastcgi_params;
      #}
  
      # deny access to .htaccess files, if Apache's document root
      # concurs with nginx's one
      #
      #location ~ /\.ht {
      #    deny  all;
      #}
  }

2. 启停nginx

  #启动nginx（服务的方式）
  service nginx start
  #重启nginx
  service nginx restart
  #停止nginx
  service nginx stop

ps：记得设置一下selinux

   setsebool -P httpd_can_network_connect 1

Windows系统：

1. 默认的配置文件在nginx，目录下的/conf，名为nginx.conf。默认配置如下

 #user  nobody;
 worker_processes  1;
 
 #error_log  logs/error.log;
 #error_log  logs/error.log  notice;
 #error_log  logs/error.log  info;
 
 #pid        logs/nginx.pid;
 
 
 events {
     worker_connections  1024;
 }
 
 
 http {
     include       mime.types;
     default_type  application/octet-stream;
 
     #log_format  main  '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '
     #                  '$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '
     #                  '"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"';
 
     #access_log  logs/access.log  main;
 
     sendfile        on;
     #tcp_nopush     on;
 
     #keepalive_timeout  0;
     keepalive_timeout  65;
 
     #gzip  on;
 
     server {
         listen       80;
         server_name  localhost;
 
         #charset koi8-r;
 
         #access_log  logs/host.access.log  main;
 
         location / {
             root   html;
             index  index.html index.htm;
         }
 
         #error_page  404              /404.html;
 
         # redirect server error pages to the static page /50x.html
         #
         error_page   500 502 503 504  /50x.html;
         location = /50x.html {
             root   html;
         }
 
         # proxy the PHP scripts to Apache listening on 127.0.0.1:80
         #
         #location ~ \.php$ {
         #    proxy_pass   http://127.0.0.1;
         #}
 
         # pass the PHP scripts to FastCGI server listening on 127.0.0.1:9000
         #
         #location ~ \.php$ {
         #    root           html;
         #    fastcgi_pass   127.0.0.1:9000;
         #    fastcgi_index  index.php;
         #    fastcgi_param  SCRIPT_FILENAME  /scripts$fastcgi_script_name;
         #    include        fastcgi_params;
         #}
 
         # deny access to .htaccess files, if Apache's document root
         # concurs with nginx's one
         #
         #location ~ /\.ht {
         #    deny  all;
         #}
     }
 
 
     # another virtual host using mix of IP-, name-, and port-based configuration
     #
     #server {
     #    listen       8000;
     #    listen       somename:8080;
     #    server_name  somename  alias  another.alias;
 
     #    location / {
     #        root   html;
     #        index  index.html index.htm;
     #    }
     #}
 
 
     # HTTPS server
     #
     #server {
     #    listen       443 ssl;
     #    server_name  localhost;
 
     #    ssl_certificate      cert.pem;
     #    ssl_certificate_key  cert.key;
 
     #    ssl_session_cache    shared:SSL:1m;
     #    ssl_session_timeout  5m;
 
     #    ssl_ciphers  HIGH:!aNULL:!MD5;
     #    ssl_prefer_server_ciphers  on;
 
     #    location / {
     #        root   html;
     #        index  index.html index.htm;
     #    }
     #}
 
 }
 

2. 启停nginx

  #启动nginx（命令行的方式）
  start nginx.exe
  #重启nginx
  nginx.exe -s stop 或 nginx.exe -s quit
  #停止nginx
  nginx.exe -s stop 或 nginx.exe -s quit
  #检查语法
  nginx -t 

运行效果如上图所示

结尾

以上便是Nginx快速入门使用示例，下一篇开始详解Nginx的起源、特点和作用。