RHEL6 升级到RHEL7

CHAPTER 1. HOW TO UPGRADE

As of Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7.0 GA, there is one supported upgrade path: from the latest version of Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6 to the latest version of Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7.

1.1. How to upgrade from Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6

Follow the procedures in this chapter to upgrade to Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7 from Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6. The upgrade process consists of the following steps:

1. Check that Red Hat supports the upgrade of your system. See  Section 1.1.1, “Check your support status” for details.
2. Prepare your system for upgrade. See  Section 1.1.2, “Prepare your system for upgrade”for details.
3. Check your system for problems that might affect your upgrade. See  Section 1.1.3, “Check system upgrade suitability” for details.
4. Upgrade by running the Red Hat Upgrade Tool. See  Section 1.1.4, “Upgrade your system” for details.

1.1.1. Check your support status

Upgrading from Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6 to Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7 is supported only if your system meets the following criteria.

• Your system is on the latest version of the Server variant of Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6 for Intel 64 and AMD64 architecture, with all packages up to date. To check, enter the following commands:

  # cat /etc/redhat-release
  Red Hat Enterprise Linux Server release 6.9 (Santiago)
  # arch
  x86_64
  # yum upgrade -y

• Your system is registered to receive updates from Subscription Management and not RHN Classic.
• Your system includes only the following package groups:
  • Minimal
  • Base
  • Web Server
  • DHCP Server
  • NFS File Server ( @nfs-server)
  • Print Server
  • CIFS file server
  Remove other package groups before upgrading and reinstall them when your upgrade is complete.

Check the following Knowledgebase Solution for details:  https://access.redhat.com/solutions/799813.

1.1.2. Prepare your system for upgrade

Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7 is the first major release to allow in-place upgrades from the previous major version. Upgrades of this magnitude are complex and prone to error. To ensure your upgrade goes as smoothly as possible, some preparations are necessary.

Back up all data

Firstly, back up the entire system to avoid potential data loss, and test that your backup works.

Test first

Before you upgrade a production system, you should clone the system and test the upgrade procedure on the clone. This will allow you to prepare for upgrade without risking the production system.

Convert to Red Hat Subscription Management

Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7 must be registered with the Subscription Management tool ( subscription-manager) rather than RHN Classic tools like  rhn_register. See  https://access.redhat.com/articles/433903 for details on getting started with Subscription Management.

Before it begins upgrading packages, the  yum upgrade command outputs a statement about how this system receives updates. Ensure that  subscription-manager and not RHN is mentioned here.

# yum upgrade
Loaded plug-ins: product-id, security, subscription-manager
...

If your Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6 system is currently registered to RHN Classic, you must first unregister from RHN Classic by following these instructions:  https://access.redhat.com/solutions/11272.

Ensure only supported package groups are installed

This upgrade process supports only the following package groups:

• Minimal
• Base
• Web Server
• DHCP Server
• NFS File Server ( @nfs-server)
• Print Server
• CIFS file server

Check which package groups are installed using the  yum grouplist command. Remove other package groups before upgrading and reinstall them when your upgrade is complete.

Update all packages

Once your system is registered with Subscription Management, ensure that all packages on your system are up to date by running the following commands.

# yum update -y
# reboot

1.1.3. Check system upgrade suitability

The Preupgrade Assistant checks your Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6 system for anything that might adversely affect the success of your upgrade.

• Install and run the Preupgrade Assistant,  preupg. See  Section 1.1.3.1, “Installing the Preupgrade Assistant” and  Section 1.1.3.2, “Running the Preupgrade Assistant” for details.
• Correct any problems identified by the Preupgrade Assistant. See  Section 1.1.3.3, “Viewing results and correcting errors” for details.
• Consult the Release Notes, Technical Notes, and Migration Planning Guide to ensure that you are aware of any changes that the Preupgrade Assistant does not assess. The latest versions of these documents are available from  https://access.redhat.com/documentation/en-US/Red_Hat_Enterprise_Linux/.

1.1.3.1. Installing the Preupgrade Assistant

1. Enable the Extras repository

   As root, enter the following command to subscribe your system to the repository containing the Preupgrade Assistant.
   If your system receives updates from Red Hat Subscription Management:

   # subscription-manager repos --enable rhel-6-server-extras-rpms

2. Install the tool

   As root, enter the following command to install all the Preupgrade Assistant packages.

   # yum -y install preupgrade-assistant preupgrade-assistant-el6toel7

1.1.3.2. Running the Preupgrade Assistant

To run the Preupgrade Assistant, execute the following command as root.

# preupg -v

This takes a few minutes to complete.

Alternatively, if you have already configured a Preupgrade Assistant Web UI that this system can access, execute the following, replacing  hostname and  port with the appropriate values for your Preupgrade Assistant Web UI:

# preupg -v -u http://hostname:port/submit

See  Section 1.1.3.2.1, “Configuring the Preupgrade Assistant Web UI” for instructions on setting up the web UI.

1.1.3.2.1. Configuring the Preupgrade Assistant Web UI

Preupgrade Assistant Web UI lets you upload and view pre-upgrade results through a browser-based interface. This is useful when the system you intend to upgrade is headless or does not have a graphical user environment.

Warning

Preupgrade Assistant Web UI requires a running instance of Apache Web Server ( httpd) and a number of changes to the  /etc/httpd/conf.ddirectory. If you are concerned about exposing data about your system to the network, or you want to avoid adding packages to the system you intend to upgrade, do not follow this procedure. Instead, copy the  /root/preupgrade/result.html file to a machine with a graphical user interface and view it in a web browser.

1. Install required packages

   # yum -y install httpd preupgrade-assistant-ui

2. Change upload configuration

   Change from using the default private pre-upgrade configuration to the public configuration.

   # cd /etc/httpd/conf.d
   # cp 99-preup-httpd.conf.public 99-preup-httpd.conf

   This makes the Preupgrade Assistant Web UI available to all network interfaces on the local system, through TCP port 8099 by default.
   You can also edit the  NameVirtualHost variable in the new  /etc/httpd/conf.d/99-preup-httpd.conf to set a host name, if you want to access Preupgrade Assistant Web UI through a host name like  preupg-ui.example.com:8099 instead of an IP address like  192.168.99.1:8099.

3. Change firewall and SELinux configuration

   Temporarily put SELinux in permissive mode, and allow traffic through TCP port 8099.

   # setenforce 0
   # iptables -I INPUT -m state --state NEW -p tcp --dport 8099 -j ACCEPT

4. Restart the web server

   # service httpd restart

5. Configure or disable authentication

   In a web browser, navigate to  http://192.168.99.1:8099/ (or the host name, if you specified one in Step 2). You are prompted to either enter details to create a new administrative user, or disable authentication.

You can now upload pre-upgrade test results from the system you intend to upgrade by running the  preupg command with the  -u http://hostname:port/submit option on that system.

1.1.3.3. Viewing results and correcting errors

When you run  preupg, a summary of results is printed to standard output. Detailed results are saved to the  /root/preupgrade directory as  result.html by default. You can also upload results to the Preupgrade Assistant Web UI to compare multiple  preupg runs as you correct potential migration issues.

Regardless of how you view the assessment results, you need to check each item for corrections that need to be made before you upgrade. Each item is printed with an exit code that indicates that item's suitability for in-place upgrade, as described in  Table 1.1, “Exit Codes”.

Table 1.1. Exit Codes

Exit Code	Definition
PASS	Everything looks fine, and this item is ready to upgrade.
FAIL	Extreme upgrade risk. upgrade is not possible.
NEEDS_ACTION	High upgrade risk. Some administrator action is required before you upgrade.
NEEDS_INSPECTION	Moderate and lower risk. Upgrading should succeed, but may result in a system that is not fully functional.
FIXED	A change required for upgrade was made automatically.
INFORMATIONAL	Useful but noncritical information about this item is available in the report.
NOT_APPLICABLE	Preupgrade Assistant checked for an item that was not installed on your system.
ERROR	Something has probably gone wrong with the pre-upgrade tools. Report this type of problem to Red Hat Support.

Take note of any post upgrade tasks identified by Preupgrade Assistant; you will need to perform these after you run the Red Hat Upgrade Tool.

You should also check the Release Notes, Technical Notes, and Migration Planning Guide for items that the Preupgrade Assistant is unable to detect.

1.1.4. Upgrade your system

After you have corrected all issues reported by the Preupgrade Assistant, you are ready to use the Red Hat Upgrade Tool to upgrade your system.

Important

Running the Red Hat Upgrade tool requires you to run the Preupgrade Assistant tool as a prerequisite. If you try to run Red Hat Upgrade on your system without first running the Preupgrade Assistant, it will exit with the following error:

preupgrade-assistant has not been run

Warning

Test this process on a non-production system before you perform it on any production system.

1. Install the tool

   # yum -y install redhat-upgrade-tool

2. Disable active repositories

   # yum -y install yum-utils
   # yum-config-manager --disable \*

3. Perform the upgrade

   The upgrade process requires access to Red Hat Enterprise Linux  7 packages. You can specify the location of a repository on the network or on a mounted device, or an ISO image, as shown below.

   # redhat-upgrade-tool --network <latest_RHEL_7> --instrepo repo_location

   # redhat-upgrade-tool --device device_path

   # redhat-upgrade-tool --iso iso_path

   Some packages that were in the Base package group in Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6 are no longer part of that group in Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7. You may need to configure additional repositories in order to upgrade these packages correctly.
   Refer to  https://access.redhat.com/site/solutions/912213 to enable the Extras repository on the yum repository system. Then see  https://access.redhat.com/site/solutions/9892 to set up a repository that you can use during your upgrade. The upgrade command for this use case would look similar to the following.

   # redhat-upgrade-tool --addrepo optional=http://host name/path/to/repo

   Some packages are not reinstalled during the upgrade process because they have no functionally equivalent replacements in Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7. Red Hat does not provide any support for these packages. To remove these packages at the end of the upgrade process, enter the following command:

   # redhat-upgrade-tool --cleanup-post

4. Reboot

   When prompted, reboot the system.

5. Wait for upgrade to complete

   After your system reboots, upgrade can take several minutes or several hours, depending on the number of packages to install.

6. Perform post upgrade tasks

   Manually perform any post upgrade tasks described in the Preupgrade Assistant assessment result. See  Section 1.1.3.3, “Viewing results and correcting errors” for details.

   Important

   If Samba is installed on the upgraded host, manually run the  testparmutility to verify the  /etc/samba/smb.conf file. If  testparm reports any configuration errors, you must fix them before you can start Samba.

7. Check system status

   Check that your system's subscription details have been updated as part of the upgrade process.

   # cat /etc/redhat-release
   Red Hat Enterprise Linux Server release 7.4
   # yum repolist
   Loaded plug-ins: product-id, subscription-manager
   repo id        repo name                                    status
   rhel-7-rpms    Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7 Server (RPMs)     4,323

   If the list of your repositories did not update correctly, perform the following commands:

   # subscription-manager remove --all
   # subscription-manager unregister
   # subscription-manager register
   # subscription-manager attach --pool=poolID
   # subscription-manager repos --enable=repoID

8. Update all packages

   Ensure that all packages are up to date by running the following:

   # yum upgrade -y
   

   # reboot

转载至

https://access.redhat.com/documentation/en-us/red_hat_enterprise_linux/7/html/migration_planning_guide/chap-red_hat_enterprise_linux-migration_planning_guide-upgrading