python内置函数

dir()

dir()用来查询一个类或者对象所有属性,
dir(list)
>>>
['__add__', '__class__', '__contains__', '__delattr__', '__delitem__', '__dir__', '__doc__', '__eq__', '__format__', '__ge__', '__getattribute__', '__getitem__', '__gt__', '__hash__', '__iadd__', '__imul__', '__init__', '__init_subclass__', '__iter__', '__le__', '__len__', '__lt__', '__mul__', '__ne__', '__new__', '__reduce__', '__reduce_ex__', '__repr__', '__reversed__', '__rmul__', '__setattr__', '__setitem__', '__sizeof__', '__str__', '__subclasshook__', 'append', 'clear', 'copy', 'count', 'extend', 'index', 'insert', 'pop', 'remove', 'reverse', 'sort']

help()

help() 帮助查看类型详细信息，包含类的创建方式、属性、方法
>>>
Help on class list in module builtins:

class list(object)
 |  list(iterable=(), /)
 |  
 |  Built-in mutable sequence.
 |  
 |  If no argument is given, the constructor creates a new empty list.
 |  The argument must be an iterable if specified.
 |  
 |  Methods defined here:
 |  
 |  __add__(self, value, /)
 |      Return self+value.
 |  
 |  __contains__(self, key, /)
 |      Return key in self.
 |  
 |  __delitem__(self, key, /)
 |      Delete self[key].
 |  
 |  __eq__(self, value, /)
 |      Return self==value.
...

globals()

列出当前环境下所有的全局变量

>>> globals()
{'__name__': '__main__', '__doc__': None, '__package__': None, '__loader__': <class '_frozen_importlib.BuiltinImporter'>, '__spec__': None, '__annotations__': {}, '__builtins__': <module 'builtins' (built-in)>}

zip()

组合对象。将对象逐一配对。

>>> l1=[1,2,3]
>>> l2=['a','b','c','d']
>>> list(zip(l1,l2))
[(1, 'a'), (2, 'b'), (3, 'c')]


>>> l2
['a', 'b', 'c', 'd']
>>> l3=['x','y','z','m']
>>> list(zip(l2,l3))
[('a', 'x'), ('b', 'y'), ('c', 'z'), ('d', 'm')]
>>> tuple(zip(l2,l3))
(('a', 'x'), ('b', 'y'), ('c', 'z'), ('d', 'm'))