ubuntu-16.04 qemu 嵌入式arm模拟

下载内核源码

下载内核有两种方法，一种是用git直接下载内核代码树，方便后面的内核开发。另一种是直接到内核社区下载稳定版本（详见：https://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/kernel/v4.x/）。下面演示从Linux kernel主线下载代码进行编译。

git clone git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/torvalds/linux.git

安装arm的交叉编译工具链

因为交叉编译容易出现兼容性问题，所以最好使用稳定的版本，这里使用4.8版本：

编译Linux内核

生成vexpress开发板子的config文件：

make CROSS_COMPILE=arm-linux-gnueabi- ARCH=arm vexpress_defconfig

编译：

make CROSS_COMPILE=arm-linux-gnueabi- ARCH=arm

生成的内核镱像位于arch/arm/boot/zImage， 后续qemu启动时需要使用该镜像。

下载和安装qemu模拟器

wget http://wiki.qemu-project.org/download/qemu-2.5.0.tar.bz2

配置qemu，支持模拟arm架构下的所有单板：

./configure --target-list=arm-softmmu --audio-drv-list=

编译和安装：

make
make install

测试qemu和内核启动

qemu已经安装好，内核也编译成功之后，到这里最好是测试一下
运行命令很简单：

qemu-system-arm -M vexpress-a9 -m 512M -kernel ./arch/arm/boot/zImage -dtb  ./arch/arm/boot/dts/vexpress-v2p-ca9.dtb -nographic -append "console=ttyAMA0"

这里简单介绍下qemu命令的参数：

• -M vexpress-a9 模拟vexpress-a9单板，你可以使用-M ?参数来获取该qemu版本支持的所有单板

  • -m 512M 单板运行物理内存512M

  • -kernel ./arch/arm/boot/zImage 告诉qemu单板运行内核镜像路径

  • -nographic 不使用图形化界面，只使用串口

  • -append “console=ttyAMA0” 内核启动参数，这里告诉内核vexpress单板运行，串口设备是那个tty。

执行测试命令qemu-system-arm -M vexpress-a9 -m 512M -kernel ./arch/arm/boot/zImage -dtb ./arch/arm/boot/dts/vexpress-v2p-ca9.dtb -nographic -append "console=ttyAMA0"
， 则启动内核，打印出内核启动信息，如下：

pulseaudio: set_sink_input_volume() failed
pulseaudio: Reason: Invalid argument
pulseaudio: set_sink_input_mute() failed
pulseaudio: Reason: Invalid argument
Booting Linux on physical CPU 0x0
Linux version 4.16.2 (hades@hades) (gcc version 4.8.4 (GCC)) #3 SMP Wed May 16 10:49:42 CST 2018
CPU: ARMv7 Processor [410fc090] revision 0 (ARMv7), cr=10c5387d
CPU: PIPT / VIPT nonaliasing data cache, VIPT nonaliasing instruction cache
OF: fdt: Machine model: V2P-CA9
Memory policy: Data cache writeback
CPU: All CPU(s) started in SVC mode.
random: get_random_bytes called from start_kernel+0x88/0x3ec with crng_init=0
percpu: Embedded 16 pages/cpu @(ptrval) s36288 r8192 d21056 u65536
Built 1 zonelists, mobility grouping on.  Total pages: 130048
Kernel command line: console=ttyAMA0
log_buf_len individual max cpu contribution: 4096 bytes
log_buf_len total cpu_extra contributions: 12288 bytes
log_buf_len min size: 16384 bytes
log_buf_len: 32768 bytes
early log buf free: 15056(91%)
Dentry cache hash table entries: 65536 (order: 6, 262144 bytes)
Inode-cache hash table entries: 32768 (order: 5, 131072 bytes)
Memory: 509624K/524288K available (6144K kernel code, 390K rwdata, 1372K rodata, 1024K init, 164K bss, 14664K reserved, 0K cma-reserved)
Virtual kernel memory layout:
    vector  : 0xffff0000 - 0xffff1000   (   4 kB)
    fixmap  : 0xffc00000 - 0xfff00000   (3072 kB)
    vmalloc : 0xa0800000 - 0xff800000   (1520 MB)
    lowmem  : 0x80000000 - 0xa0000000   ( 512 MB)
    modules : 0x7f000000 - 0x80000000   (  16 MB)
      .text : 0x(ptrval) - 0x(ptrval)   (7136 kB)
      .init : 0x(ptrval) - 0x(ptrval)   (1024 kB)
      .data : 0x(ptrval) - 0x(ptrval)   ( 391 kB)
       .bss : 0x(ptrval) - 0x(ptrval)   ( 165 kB)
SLUB: HWalign=64, Order=0-3, MinObjects=0, CPUs=4, Nodes=1
Hierarchical RCU implementation.
    RCU event tracing is enabled.
    RCU restricting CPUs from NR_CPUS=8 to nr_cpu_ids=4.
RCU: Adjusting geometry for rcu_fanout_leaf=16, nr_cpu_ids=4
NR_IRQS: 16, nr_irqs: 16, preallocated irqs: 16
GIC CPU mask not found - kernel will fail to boot.
GIC CPU mask not found - kernel will fail to boot.
L2C: platform modifies aux control register: 0x02020000 -> 0x02420000
L2C: DT/platform modifies aux control register: 0x02020000 -> 0x02420000
L2C-310 enabling early BRESP for Cortex-A9
L2C-310 full line of zeros enabled for Cortex-A9
L2C-310 dynamic clock gating disabled, standby mode disabled
L2C-310 cache controller enabled, 8 ways, 128 kB
L2C-310: CACHE_ID 0x410000c8, AUX_CTRL 0x46420001
smp_twd: clock not found -2
sched_clock: 32 bits at 24MHz, resolution 41ns, wraps every 89478484971ns
clocksource: arm,sp804: mask: 0xffffffff max_cycles: 0xffffffff, max_idle_ns: 1911260446275 ns
Failed to initialize '/smb@4000000/motherboard/iofpga@7,00000000/timer@12000': -22
Console: colour dummy device 80x30
Calibrating local timer... 99.42MHz.
Calibrating delay loop... 743.83 BogoMIPS (lpj=3719168)
pid_max: default: 32768 minimum: 301
Mount-cache hash table entries: 1024 (order: 0, 4096 bytes)
Mountpoint-cache hash table entries: 1024 (order: 0, 4096 bytes)
CPU: Testing write buffer coherency: ok
CPU0: thread -1, cpu 0, socket 0, mpidr 80000000
Setting up static identity map for 0x60100000