设计模式之——策略模式

策略模式(Strategy Pattern)是指定义了算法家族、分别封装起来，让它们之间可以互相替换，此模式让算法的变化不会影响到使用算法的用户

应用场景
1.代码中有多个类，他们的区别是行为不同，可以用策略模式
2.一个系统需要动态地在几种算法中选择一种，需要知道所有的算法

经典的业务场景：支付方式

 

代码演示

//促销策略抽象接口
public interface PromotionStrategy {
    void doPromotion();
}

接口实现

//优惠券实现
public class CouponStrategy implements PromotionStrategy {
    public void doPromotion() {
        System.out.println("领取优惠券,课程的价格直接减优惠券面值抵扣");
    }
}

//返现活动
public class CashbackStrategy implements PromotionStrategy {
    public void doPromotion() {
        System.out.println("返现促销,返回的金额转到支付宝账号");
    }
}

//团购优惠
public class GroupbuyStrategy implements PromotionStrategy{
    public void doPromotion() {
        System.out.println("拼团，满5人成团，全团享受团购价");
    }
}

// 无优惠
public class EmptyStrategy implements PromotionStrategy {
    public void doPromotion() {
        System.out.println("无促销活动");
    }
}

/**
* 优惠活动
*/
public class PromotionActivity {

    private PromotionStrategy promotionStrategy;

    //构造方法传入策略类型
    public PromotionActivity(PromotionStrategy promotionStrategy) {
        this.promotionStrategy = promotionStrategy;
    }

    //执行策略
    public void execute(){
        promotionStrategy.doPromotion();
    }
}

测试

public static void main(String[] args) {
    PromotionActivity activity618 = new PromotionActivity(new CouponStrategy());
    PromotionActivity activity1111 = new PromotionActivity(new CashbackStrategy());
    activity618.execute();
    activity1111.execute();
}

利用工厂模式和单例模式改造

public class PromotionStrategyFactory {

    private static Map<String,PromotionStrategy> PROMOTION_STRATEGY_MAP = new HashMap<String,PromotionStrategy>();
    
    static {
        PROMOTION_STRATEGY_MAP.put(PromotionKey.COUPON,new CouponStrategy());
        PROMOTION_STRATEGY_MAP.put(PromotionKey.CASHBACK,new CashbackStrategy());
        PROMOTION_STRATEGY_MAP.put(PromotionKey.GROUPBUY,new GroupbuyStrategy());
    }

    private static final PromotionStrategy NON_PROMOTION = new EmptyStrategy();

    private PromotionStrategyFactory(){}

    public static PromotionStrategy getPromotionStrategy(String promotionKey){
        PromotionStrategy promotionStrategy = PROMOTION_STRATEGY_MAP.get(promotionKey);
        return promotionStrategy == null ? NON_PROMOTION : promotionStrategy;
    }
    private interface PromotionKey{
        String COUPON = "COUPON";
        String CASHBACK = "CASHBACK";
        String GROUPBUY = "GROUPBUY";
    }
}

测试

public static void main(String[] args) {
    String promotionKey = "GROUPBUY";
    PromotionActivity promotionActivity = new PromotionActivity(PromotionStrategyFactory.getPromotionStrategy(promotionKey));
    promotionActivity.execute();
}

优点

1、策略模式符合开闭原则
2、避免使用多重条件转移语句，如 if...else...语句、switch 语句
3、使用策略模式可以提高算法的保密性和安全性

缺点

1、客户端必须知道所有的策略，并且自行决定使用哪一个策略类
2、代码中会产生非常多策略类，增加维护难度