SpringMVC学习笔记（十）

1、SpringMVC异常处理

系统中异常包括两类，预期异常和运行异常（RuntimeException），前者通过捕获异常获取异常信息，后者通过规范代码、测试等手段减少该类异常的发生。

系统的dao、service、controller层都可以通过throws Exception方式向上抛出异常，最后又SpringMVC前端控制器交由异常处理器进行异常处理。

SpringMVC提供全局异常处理器（一个系统只有一个异常处理器）进行统一的异常处理。

全局异常处理器处理思路：

（1）解析异常类型；

（2）如果该异常类型是系统自定义的异常，那么直接获取异常信息即可；如果该异常类型不是系统自定义的异常，那么需要构造一个自定义的异常类型。

2、实例

（1）项目结构

（2）HelloController.java

package cn.hwd.springmvc.controller;

import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.ui.Model;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;

import cn.hwd.springmvc.exception.HelloException;

@Controller
@RequestMapping("/hello")
public class HelloController {
	
	@RequestMapping("/index.action")  
    public String index(Model model, String name) throws Exception {
		if(name == null){
			throw new HelloException("用户名不能为空");
		}
		model.addAttribute("message", name);
        return "index";  
    }
	
}

（3）HelloException.java

package cn.hwd.springmvc.exception;

/**
 * 自定义异常类（继承Exception类）
 * @author huangwending
 *
 */
public class HelloException extends Exception {

	private String message;

	public String getMessage() {
		return message;
	}

	public void setMessage(String message) {
		this.message = message;
	}

	public HelloException(String message) {
		super();
		this.message = message;
	}
	
}

（4）HelloExceptionResolver.java

package cn.hwd.springmvc.exception;

import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;

import org.springframework.web.servlet.HandlerExceptionResolver;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.ModelAndView;

/**
 * 定义全局异常处理器（实现springmvc提供的HandlerExceptionResolver接口）
 * @author huangwending
 *
 */
public class HelloExceptionResolver implements HandlerExceptionResolver {

	@Override
	public ModelAndView resolveException(HttpServletRequest request,
			HttpServletResponse response, Object handler, Exception ex) {
		HelloException helloException = null;
		if(ex instanceof HelloException){
			helloException = (HelloException)ex;
		}else{
			helloException = new HelloException("未知错误");
		}
		String message = helloException.getMessage();
		ModelAndView modelAndView = new ModelAndView();
		modelAndView.addObject("message", message);
		modelAndView.setViewName("error");
		return modelAndView;
	}

}

（5）spring-servlet.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
	xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
	xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
	xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc"
	xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-4.3.xsd
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-4.3.xsd
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc-4.3.xsd">
    
    <context:component-scan base-package="cn.hwd.springmvc.controller" />
    
	<bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver">
		<property name="prefix" value="/WEB-INF/page/" />
		<property name="suffix" value=".jsp" />
	</bean>
	
	<!-- 配置全局异常处理器 -->
	<bean class="cn.hwd.springmvc.exception.HelloExceptionResolver"></bean>
	
</beans>

（6）pom.xml

<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
  xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/maven-v4_0_0.xsd">
  <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
  <groupId>cn.hwd</groupId>
  <artifactId>SpringMVC35</artifactId>
  <packaging>war</packaging>
  <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
  <name>SpringMVC35 Maven Webapp</name>
  <url>http://maven.apache.org</url>
  <build>
    <finalName>SpringMVC35</finalName>
    <plugins>
      <plugin>
        <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
        <artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId>
        <version>3.0</version>
        <configuration>
          <source>1.7</source>
          <target>1.7</target>
        </configuration>
      </plugin>
    </plugins>
  </build>
  <dependencies>
  	<dependency>
  		<groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
  		<artifactId>servlet-api</artifactId>
  		<version>2.5</version>
  	</dependency>
  	<dependency>
	  	<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
	  	<artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId>
	  	<version>4.0.2.RELEASE</version>
	</dependency>
  </dependencies>
</project>

（7）error.jsp

<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8"
    pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
<html>
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">
<title>Insert title here</title>
</head>
<body>
	${message }
</body>
</html>

（8）index.jsp

<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8"
    pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
<html>
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">
<title>Insert title here</title>
</head>
<body>
	${message }
</body>
</html>

（9）web.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee" xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_3_0.xsd" id="WebApp_ID" version="3.0">
  <display-name>Archetype Created Web Application</display-name>
  <welcome-file-list>
    <welcome-file>index.html</welcome-file>
    <welcome-file>index.htm</welcome-file>
    <welcome-file>index.jsp</welcome-file>
    <welcome-file>default.html</welcome-file>
    <welcome-file>default.htm</welcome-file>
    <welcome-file>default.jsp</welcome-file>
  </welcome-file-list>
  <servlet>
    <servlet-name>spring</servlet-name>
    <servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
    <init-param>
      <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
      <param-value>classpath:spring-servlet.xml</param-value>
    </init-param>
  </servlet>
  <servlet-mapping>
    <servlet-name>spring</servlet-name>
    <url-pattern>*.action</url-pattern>
  </servlet-mapping>
</web-app>

（10）运行结果