1、定义
RabbitMQ是流行的开源消息队列系统,用erlang语言开发。RabbitMQ是AMQP(高级消息队列协议)的标准实现。几个概念说明:
(1)Broker:简单来说就是消息队列服务器实体。
(2)Exchange:消息交换机,它指定消息按什么规则,路由到哪个队列。
(3)Queue:消息队列载体,每个消息都会被投入到一个或多个队列。
(4)Binding:绑定,它的作用就是把exchange和queue按照路由规则绑定起来。
(5)Routing Key:路由关键字,exchange根据这个关键字进行消息投递。
(6)vhost:虚拟主机,一个broker里可以开设多个vhost,用作不同用户的权限分离。
(7)producer:消息生产者,就是投递消息的程序。
(8)consumer:消息消费者,就是接受消息的程序。
(9)channel:消息通道,在客户端的每个连接里,可建立多个channel,每个channel代表一个会话任务。
2、简单实例
(1)目录结构
(2)pom.xml
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<groupId>cn.hwd</groupId>
<artifactId>rabbitmq</artifactId>
<version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
<packaging>jar</packaging>
<name>rabbitmq</name>
<url>http://maven.apache.org</url>
<properties>
<project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
</properties>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>com.rabbitmq</groupId>
<artifactId>amqp-client</artifactId>
<version>3.6.5</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>junit</groupId>
<artifactId>junit</artifactId>
<version>4.8.1</version>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
</project>
(3)RabbitmqUtil.java
package cn.hwd.rabbitmq.util;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeoutException;
import com.rabbitmq.client.AMQP;
import com.rabbitmq.client.Channel;
import com.rabbitmq.client.Connection;
import com.rabbitmq.client.ConnectionFactory;
import com.rabbitmq.client.Consumer;
import com.rabbitmq.client.DefaultConsumer;
import com.rabbitmq.client.Envelope;
public class RabbitmqUtil {
private ConnectionFactory factory = null;
private Connection connection = null;
private Channel channel = null;
private String host = "localhost";
private String username = "guest";
private String password = "guest";
private Integer port = 5672;
private String queueName = "MyQueue";
private String exchangeName = "amq.direct";
public void send(String message) {
try {
// 创建工厂
factory = new ConnectionFactory();
// 设置
factory.setHost(host);
factory.setUsername(username);
factory.setPassword(password);
factory.setPort(port);
// 创建连接
connection = factory.newConnection();
// 创建通道
channel = connection.createChannel();
// 声明队列
channel.queueDeclare(queueName, false, false, false, null);
// 发送消息到队列之中
channel.basicPublish(exchangeName, queueName, null, message.getBytes("UTF-8"));
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (TimeoutException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} finally {
try {
// 关闭通道
channel.close();
// 关闭连接
connection.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (TimeoutException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
public void receive() {
try {
factory = new ConnectionFactory();
factory.setHost(host);
factory.setUsername(username);
factory.setPassword(password);
factory.setPort(port);
connection = factory.newConnection();
channel = connection.createChannel();
channel.queueDeclare(queueName, false, false, false, null);
// 创建队列消费者
Consumer consumer = new DefaultConsumer(channel) {
@Override
public void handleDelivery(String consumerTag, Envelope envelope,
AMQP.BasicProperties properties, byte[] body) throws IOException {
String message = new String(body, "UTF-8");
System.out.println("receive:" + message);
}
};
// 消息确认机制
channel.basicConsume(queueName, true, consumer);
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (TimeoutException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
(4)RabbitmqMain.java
package cn.hwd.rabbitmq.main;
import cn.hwd.rabbitmq.util.RabbitmqUtil;
public class RabbitmqMain {
public static void main(String[] args) {
RabbitmqUtil rabbitmqUtil = new RabbitmqUtil();
rabbitmqUtil.send("Hello RabbitMQ");
rabbitmqUtil.receive();
}
}
3、运行结果
receive:Hello RabbitMQ