3.3 c++函数参数传递方式——按引用传递

引用变量是c++的复合类型，引用是已定义变量的别名。引用变量的主要用途是用作函数的形参。通过将它作为参数，函数将使用原始数据，而不是副本，这样除指针外，引用也为函数处理大型结构提供一个方便的途径，同样对于设计类来说，引用也是必不可少的。

1 引用变量

	int people = 20;
	int & persons = people;    //1）
        int * human = &people;    // 2)
        int * const ps = &people;  // 3)
	cout << "ad of people:" << &people <<",value:" << people << endl;
	cout << "ad of persons:" << &persons << ",value:" << persons << endl;
	int folk = 50;
	persons = folk;            //4）
	cout << "ad of people:" << &people <<",value:" << people << endl;
	cout << "ad of persons:" << &persons << ",value:" << persons << endl;
	cout << "ad of folk:" << &folk << ",value:" << folk << endl;
  	
  	people = 20;
  	int * pt = &people;
	int &per = *pt;            // per是一个指向int的引用，不是指向pt的引用
        pt = & folk;                // 5)
	cout << "ad of people:" << &people <<",value:" << people << endl;
	cout << "ad of folk:" << &folk << ",value:" << folk << endl;
	cout << "ad of pt:" << pt << ",value:" << *pt << endl;
	cout << "ad of per:" << &per << ",value:" << per << endl;
// 输出结果
ad of people:0x6ffdf4,value:20
ad of persons:0x6ffdf4,value:20
ad of people:0x6ffdf4,value:50
ad of persons:0x6ffdf4,value:50
ad of folk:0x6ffdf0,value:50
ad of people: