如何实现可迭代对象和迭代器对象

案例：

从网络抓取城市气温信息，依次显示：

北京：15～20

上海：17～22

成都：12～18

1.抓取所有信息存入字典

2.迭代字典，逐条显示

存在的问题：

若一次抓取所有城市天气再显示，显示首个城市气温时，延时很高，并且浪费存储空间。

解决思路：

采用“用时访问”的策略，抓一条，显示一条，将所有城市的气温封装在一个对象里，可以用for语句迭代。

迭代显示：

In [1]: l = [1,2,3,4]

In [2]: s = 'abcde'

In [3]: for x in l: print x
1
2
3
4

In [4]: for x in s: print x
a
b
c
d
e

内置函数iter，得到迭代器对象
由可迭代对象，得到迭代器
iter(l)实际上内部调用了l.__iter__()

In [5]: iter?
Docstring:
iter(collection) -> iterator
iter(callable, sentinel) -> iterator

Get an iterator from an object.  In the first form, the argument must
supply its own iterator, or be a sequence.
In the second form, the callable is called until it returns the sentinel.
Type:      builtin_function_or_method

In [7]: iter(l)
Out[7]: <listiterator at 0xfa6a90>

In [8]: iter(s)
Out[8]: <iterator at 0xfa69d0>

In [9]: iter(5)
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
TypeError                                 Traceback (most recent call last)
<ipython-input-9-8559c94ab208> in <module>()
----> 1 iter(5)

TypeError: 'int' object is not iterable

In [10]: l.__
l.__add__           l.__getslice__      l.__new__
l.__class__         l.__gt__            l.__reduce__
l.__contains__      l.__hash__          l.__reduce_ex__
l.__delattr__       l.__iadd__          l.__repr__
l.__delitem__       l.__imul__          l.__reversed__
l.__delslice__      l.__init__          l.__rmul__
l.__doc__           l.__iter__          l.__setattr__
l.__eq__            l.__le__            l.__setitem__
l.__format__        l.__len__           l.__setslice__
l.__ge__            l.__lt__            l.__sizeof__
l.__getattribute__  l.__mul__           l.__str__
l.__getitem__       l.__ne__            l.__subclasshook__

In [10]: l.__iter__()
Out[10]: <listiterator at 0xfa6e10>

In [11]: iter(l)
Out[11]: <listiterator at 0xfa6cd0>

In [12]: t = iter(l)

In [13]: t.next()
Out[13]: 1

In [14]: t.next()
Out[14]: 2

In [15]: t.next()
Out[15]: 3

In [16]: t.next()
Out[16]: 4

In [17]: t.next()
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
StopIteration                             Traceback (most recent call last)
<ipython-input-17-3660e2a3d509> in <module>()
----> 1 t.next()

StopIteration: 

解决方案：

step1：实现一个迭代器对象WeatherIterator, next方法每次返回一个城市气温

step2：实现一个可迭代对象Weatheriterable, __iter__方法返回一个迭代器对象

#coding:utf8

import requests
def getWeather(city):
    r = requests.get(u'http://wthrcdn.etouch.cn/weather_mini?city=' + city)
    data = r.json()['data']['forecast'][0]
    return '%s: %s, %s' %(city,data['low'],data['high'])

#[u'北京'，u'上海'，u'广州',u'长春']
print getWeather(u'北京')
print getWeather(u'长春')
print getWeather(u'贺兰')

定义构造器

def __init__()

新建测试用例，for循环进行迭代

#coding:utf8

import requests
from collections import Iterable,Iteratorclass WeatherIterator(Iterator): def __init__(self,cities): self.cities = cities self.index = 0 def getWeather(self, city): r = requests.get(u'http://wthrcdn.etouch.cn/weather_mini?city=' + city) data
 = r.json()['data']['forecast'][0] return '%s: %s, %s' %(city,data['low'],data['high']) def next(self): if self.index == len(self.cities): raise StopIteration city = self.cities[self.index] self.index += 1 return self.getWeather(city)class WeatherIterable(Iterable):
 def __init__(self, cities): self.cities = cities def __iter__(self): return WeatherIterator(self.cities)#[u'北京'，u'上海'，u'贺兰',u'成都']for x in WeatherIterable([u'北京', u'上海',u'贺兰',u'成都']): print x