JDBC驱动

JDBC是什么?
JDBC是一组编程API,使用JDBC,java程序可以很容易的访问多种数据库（尤其是关系型数据库）.下面是java.sql包中一些核心JDBC类、接口以及异常.
1. DriverManager
2. Connection
3. Statement
4. PreparedStatement
5. CallableStatement
6. ResultSet
7. SQLException

JDBC驱动是什么?

1. JDBC驱动可以将java应用程序或客户端连接SQL数据库
2. JDBC驱动是一个实现了java.sql.Driver接口的类
3. JDBC驱动将程序语言转换成特定数据库可以识别的语言

使用Class.forName()加载JDBC驱动
String className = "org.gjt.mm.mysql.Driver";
Class driverObject = Class.forName(className);

import java.sql.Connection;
import java.sql.DriverManager;
import java.sql.ResultSet;
import java.sql.ResultSetMetaData;
import java.sql.Statement;


public class Main {
  public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
    Connection conn = getHSQLConnection();
    Statement st = conn.createStatement();
    st.executeUpdate("create table survey (id int,name varchar(30));");
    st.executeUpdate("insert into survey (id,name ) values (1,'nameValue')");
    st = conn.createStatement();
    ResultSet rs = st.executeQuery("SELECT * FROM survey");
    ResultSetMetaData rsMetaData = rs.getMetaData();
    int numberOfColumns = rsMetaData.getColumnCount();
    System.out.println("resultSet MetaData column Count=" + numberOfColumns);
    rs.close();
    st.close();
    conn.close();
  }


  private static Connection getHSQLConnection() throws Exception {
    Class.forName("org.hsqldb.jdbcDriver");
    String url = "jdbc:hsqldb:mem:data/tutorial";
    return DriverManager.getConnection(url, "sa", "");
  }
}

使用DriverManager.registerDriver()

try {
   DriverManager.registerDriver(new org.gjt.mm.mysql.Driver());
}
catch (SQLException e) {
   e.printStackTrace();
}

测试Oracle JDBC驱动的安装

public class MainClass {
  public static void main(String[] args) {
    try {
      String className = "oracle.jdbc.driver.OracleDriver";
      Class driverObject = Class.forName(className);
      System.out.println("driverObject=" + driverObject);
      System.out.println("your installation of JDBC Driver OK.");
    }
    catch (Exception e) {
      System.out.println("Failed: JDBC Driver Error: " + e.getMessage());
    }
  }
}

测试MySql JDBC驱动的安装

public class MainClass {
  public static void main(String[] args) {
    try {
      String className = "org.gjt.mm.mysql.Driver";
      Class driverObject = Class.forName(className);
      System.out.println("driverObject=" + driverObject);
      System.out.println("your installation of JDBC Driver OK.");
    } catch (Exception e) {
      System.out.println("Failed: JDBC Driver Error: " + e.getMessage());
    }


  }
}