[转]C#自定义应用程序配置文件App.config

1. 向项目添加app.config文件：
右击项目名称，选择“添加”→“添加新建项”，在出现的“添加新项”对话框中，选择“添加应用程序配置文件”；如果项目以前没有配置文件，则默认的文件名称为“app.config”，单击“确定”。出现在设计器视图中的app.config文件为：
<?xmlversion="1.0"encoding="utf-8" ?>
<configuration>
</configuration>
在项目进行编译后，在bin/Debuge文件下，将出现两个配置文件(以本项目为例)，一个名为“JxcManagement.EXE.config”，另一个名为“JxcManagement.vshost.exe.config”。第一个文件为项目实际使用的配置文件，在程序运行中所做的更改都将被保存于此；第二个文件为原代码“app.config”的同步文件，在程序运行中不会发生更改。
2.  connectionStrings配置节：
请注意：如果您的SQL版本为2005 Express版，则默认安装时SQL服务器实例名为localhost/SQLExpress，须更改以下实例中“Data Source=localhost;”一句为“Data Source=localhost/SQLExpress;”，在等于号的两边不要加上空格。
<!--数据库连接串-->
     <connectionStrings>
         <clear />
         <addname="conJxcBook"
              connectionString="Data Source=localhost;Initial Catalog=jxcbook;User                                   ID=sa;password=********"
              providerName="System.Data.SqlClient" />
     </connectionStrings>
3. appSettings配置节：
appSettings配置节为整个程序的配置，如果是对当前用户的配置，请使用userSettings配置节，其格式与以下配置书写要求一样。
<!--进销存管理系统初始化需要的参数-->
     <appSettings>
         <clear />
         <addkey="userName"value="" />
         <addkey="password"value="" />
         <addkey="Department"value="" />
         <addkey="returnValue"value="" />
         <addkey="pwdPattern"value="" />
         <addkey="userPattern"value="" />
</appSettings>
4.读取与更新app.config
对于app.config文件的读写，参照了网络文章：http://www.codeproject.com/csharp/　SystemConfiguration.asp标题为“Read/Write App.Config File with .NET 2.0”一文。
请注意：要使用以下的代码访问app.config文件，除添加引用System.Configuration外，还必须在项目添加对System.Configuration.dll的引用。
4.1 读取connectionStrings配置节
///<summary>
///依据连接串名字connectionName返回数据连接字符串
///</summary>
///<param name="connectionName"></param>
///<returns></returns>
private static string GetConnectionStringsConfig(string connectionName)
{
string connectionString =
        ConfigurationManager.ConnectionStrings[connectionName].ConnectionString.ToString();
    Console.WriteLine(connectionString);
    return connectionString;
}
4.2 更新connectionStrings配置节
///<summary>
///更新连接字符串
///</summary>
///<param name="newName">连接字符串名称</param>
///<param name="newConString">连接字符串内容</param>
///<param name="newProviderName">数据提供程序名称</param>
private static void UpdateConnectionStringsConfig(string newName,
    string newConString,
    string newProviderName)
{
    bool isModified = false;    //记录该连接串是否已经存在
    //如果要更改的连接串已经存在
    if (ConfigurationManager.ConnectionStrings[newName] != null)
    {
        isModified = true;
    }
    //新建一个连接字符串实例
    ConnectionStringSettings mySettings =
        new ConnectionStringSettings(newName, newConString, newProviderName);
    // 打开可执行的配置文件*.exe.config
    Configuration config =
        ConfigurationManager.OpenExeConfiguration(ConfigurationUserLevel.None);
    // 如果连接串已存在，首先删除它
    if (isModified)
    {
        config.ConnectionStrings.ConnectionStrings.Remove(newName);
    }
    // 将新的连接串添加到配置文件中.
    config.ConnectionStrings.ConnectionStrings.Add(mySettings);
    // 保存对配置文件所作的更改
    config.Save(ConfigurationSaveMode.Modified);
    // 强制重新载入配置文件的ConnectionStrings配置节
    ConfigurationManager.RefreshSection("ConnectionStrings");
}
4.3 读取appStrings配置节
///<summary>
///返回＊.exe.config文件中appSettings配置节的value项
///</summary>
///<param name="strKey"></param>
///<returns></returns>
private static string GetAppConfig(string strKey)
{
    foreach (string key in ConfigurationManager.AppSettings)
    {
        if (key == strKey)
        {
            return ConfigurationManager.AppSettings[strKey];
        }
    }
    return null;
}
4.4 更新connectionStrings配置节
///<summary>
///在＊.exe.config文件中appSettings配置节增加一对键、值对
///</summary>
///<param name="newKey"></param>
///<param name="newValue"></param>
private static void UpdateAppConfig(string newKey, string newValue)
{
    bool isModified = false;   
    foreach (string key in ConfigurationManager.AppSettings)
    {
       if(key==newKey)
        {   
            isModified = true;
        }
    }
 
    // Open App.Config of executable
    Configuration config =
        ConfigurationManager.OpenExeConfiguration(ConfigurationUserLevel.None);
    // You need to remove the old settings object before you can replace it
    if (isModified)
    {
        config.AppSettings.Settings.Remove(newKey);
    }   
    // Add an Application Setting.
    config.AppSettings.Settings.Add(newKey,newValue);  
    // Save the changes in App.config file.
    config.Save(ConfigurationSaveMode.Modified);
    // Force a reload of a changed section.
    ConfigurationManager.RefreshSection("appSettings");
}
5.加密配置文件
此节代码参照Dariush Tasdighi所著文章《Encrypt and Decrypt of ConnectionString in app.config and/or web.config!》，原文载于http://www.codeproject.com/useritems/Configuration_File.asp。
请注意：(1)要使用以下的代码访问app.config文件，除添加引用System.Configuration外，还必须在项目添加对System.Configuration.dll的引用; (2)以下示例代码中的DPAPI提供程序为“DataProtectionConfigurationProvider”，这是一种基于机器名和当前用户密码的加密方式。如果计划在多台服务器（Web 场合）上使用相同的加密配置文件，则只有通过 RSAProtectedConfigurationProvider 才能导出加密密钥，并将其导入其他服务器。(3)加密后的配置文件不需要解密即可用上述方法直接读取。
5.1 加密connectionStrings配置节
///<summary>
///加密配置文件中的ConnectionString节
///</summary>
///<param name="protect">true为加密，false为解密</param>
public static void ConnectionStringProtection( bool protect)
{
    //取得当前程序的执行路径
    string pathName = Application.ExecutablePath;
    // 定义Dpapi提供程序的名称.
    string strProvider = "DataProtectionConfigurationProvider";
 
    System.Configuration.Configuration oConfiguration = null;
    System.Configuration.ConnectionStringsSection oSection = null;
 
    try
    {
        // 打开配置文件，并取得connectionStrings配置节.
        oConfiguration =
                System.Configuration.ConfigurationManager.OpenExeConfiguration(pathName);
 
        if (oConfiguration != null)
        {
            bool blnChanged = false;
            oSection = oConfiguration.GetSection("connectionStrings") as
                System.Configuration.ConnectionStringsSection;
 
            if (oSection != null)
            {
                if ((!(oSection.ElementInformation.IsLocked)) && (!(oSection.SectionInformation.IsLocked)))
                {
                    if (protect)
                    {
                        if (!(oSection.SectionInformation.IsProtected))
                        {
                            blnChanged = true;
                            // 加密connectionStrings配置节.
                    oSection.SectionInformation.ProtectSection(strProvider);
                        }
                    }
                    else
                    {
                        if (oSection.SectionInformation.IsProtected)
                        {
                            blnChanged = true;
                            // 解密connectionStrings配置节.
                            oSection.SectionInformation.UnprotectSection();
                        }
                    }
                }
 
                if (blnChanged)
                {
                    // 如果connectionStrings配置节被更改，则强制保存它.
                    oSection.SectionInformation.ForceSave = true;
                    // 保存对connectionStrings配置节的更改.
                    oConfiguration.Save();
                }
            }
        }
    }
    catch (System.Exception ex)
    {
        throw (ex);
    }
    finally
    {
    }
}
5.2 加密appSettings配置节
///<summary>
///加密配置文件中的AppSettings配置节
///</summary>
///<param name="protect">true为加密，false为解密</param>
public static void AppSettingProtection(bool protect)
{
    //取得当前程序的执行路径
    string pathName = Application.ExecutablePath;
    // Define the Dpapi provider name.
    string strProvider = "DataProtectionConfigurationProvider";
 
    System.Configuration.Configuration oConfiguration = null;
    System.Configuration.AppSettingsSection oSection = null;
 
    try
    {
        // Open the configuration file and retrieve the connectionStrings section.
        oConfiguration =
            System.Configuration.ConfigurationManager.OpenExeConfiguration(pathName);
 
        if (oConfiguration != null)
        {
            bool blnChanged = false;
            oSection = oConfiguration.GetSection("appSettings") as
                System.Configuration.AppSettingsSection;
 
            if (oSection != null)
            {
                if ((!(oSection.ElementInformation.IsLocked)) &&
                     (!(oSection.SectionInformation.IsLocked)))
                {
                    if (protect)
                    {
                        if (!(oSection.SectionInformation.IsProtected))
                        {
                            blnChanged = true;
                            // Encrypt the section.
                            oSection.SectionInformation.ProtectSection(strProvider);
                        }
                    }
                    else
                    {
                        if (oSection.SectionInformation.IsProtected)
                        {
                            blnChanged = true;
                            // Remove encryption.
                            oSection.SectionInformation.UnprotectSection();
                        }
                    }
                }
 
                if (blnChanged)
                {
                    // Indicates whether the associated configuration section will be saved even  
                    // if it has not been modified.
                    oSection.SectionInformation.ForceSave = true;
                    // Save the current configuration.
                    oConfiguration.Save();
                }
            }
        }
    }
    catch (System.Exception ex)
    {
        throw (ex);
    }
    finally
    {
    }
}