Resume
This passage provides some solutions for errors while installing Drupal 7.
All the operations are based on Ubuntu.
PHP extensions disables error
Firstly, type sudo apt-get install php5.6-xml php5.6-pdo php5.6-common php5.6-gd php5.6-dom
. (Attention: the command above depends on your version of PHP)
Then just type sudo apt-get install libapache2-mod-auth-pgsql
(for PostgreSQL) or sudo apt-get install libapache2-mod-auth-mysql
(for MySQL) to resolve this problem.
The command above will install some PHP extensions.
File system error
Just use chmod 777 sites/default/files
(Attention for the path) to authorize public rights.
Settings file error
Just use chmod 777 sites/default/settings.php
(Attention for the path) to authorize public rights.