单件模式

在有的程序中某些类只能有一个实例，比如说线程池管理，注册表等等。

实现上通常采取将Sigleton的构造函数设置为私有，然后public一个getInstance函数，在该函数里面判断是否已经实例化该单件，若没有，则实例化，否则返回已经实例的对象。

c++代码中没有提供可跨平台的加锁方法，先附上java代码，慢慢寻求c++的实现。如果不需要实现多线程版本，c++实现也是很简单

package headfirst.singleton.chocolate;
 
public class ChocolateBoiler {
	private boolean empty;
	private boolean boiled;
	private static ChocolateBoiler uniqueInstance;
  
	private ChocolateBoiler() {
		empty = true;
		boiled = false;
	}
  
	public static ChocolateBoiler getInstance() {
		if (uniqueInstance == null) {
			System.out.println("Creating unique instance of Chocolate Boiler");
			uniqueInstance = new ChocolateBoiler();
		}
		System.out.println("Returning instance of Chocolate Boiler");
		return uniqueInstance;
	}

	public void fill() {
		if (isEmpty()) {
			empty = false;
			boiled = false;
			// fill the boiler with a milk/chocolate mixture
		}
	}
 
	public void drain() {
		if (!isEmpty() && isBoiled()) {
			// drain the boiled milk and chocolate
			empty = true;
		}
	}
 
	public void boil() {
		if (!isEmpty() && !isBoiled()) {
			// bring the contents to a boil
			boiled = true;
		}
	}
  
	public boolean isEmpty() {
		return empty;
	}
 
	public boolean isBoiled() {
		return boiled;
	}
}


public class ChocolateController {
	public static void main(String args[]) {
		ChocolateBoiler boiler = ChocolateBoiler.getInstance();
		boiler.fill();
		boiler.boil();
		boiler.drain();

		// will return the existing instance
		ChocolateBoiler boiler2 = ChocolateBoiler.getInstance();
	}
}

多线程版本的getInstance应该为：

public class Singleton {
	private volatile static Singleton uniqueInstance;
 
	private Singleton() {}
 
	public static Singleton getInstance() {
		if (uniqueInstance == null) {
			synchronized (Singleton.class) {
				if (uniqueInstance == null) {
					uniqueInstance = new Singleton();
				}
			}
		}
		return uniqueInstance;
	}
}