JAVAWeb开发之Servlet-19.Filter

最新推荐文章于 2024-09-25 11:34:48 发布

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最新推荐文章于 2024-09-25 11:34:48 发布

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分类专栏： java j2ee 文章标签： filter import stylesheet servlet html initialization

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JAVAWeb开发之Servlet-19.Filter

–Filter 简介
–创建Filter的步骤
–获得Filter的初始化参数
–Filter 实例
?字符编码 Filter
?权限验证 Filter
###########################################
? Filter 简介
–Filter位于客户端和请求资源之间，在此起到过滤作用
–请求资源可以是，Servlet、JSP页面、HTML页面等
–他们在请求资源的前后来执行
–请求和响应通过Filter可以被修改
–Filter 常用在如下几个方面：
? Session 管理
? 权限验证
? 日志记录
? 字符编码转换
Filter 简介图示

? 创建Filter的步骤
– Filter 接口
? init 方法
public void init(FilterConfig filterConfig) throws ServletException
? doFilter 方法
public void doFilter(ServletRequest request,
ServletResponse response,
FilterChain chain)
throws java.io.IOException,
ServletException
? Destroy 方法
public void destroy()

– 创建Filter步骤
? 创建一个类实现Filter接口
– 方法: doFilter, init, destroy
?在doFilter方法中处理逻辑
– 参数: ServletRequest, ServletResponse, FilterChain
? FilterChain 调用doFilter方法
– 调用下一个过滤器或实际资源
? 注册filter，来过滤Servlet 和Jsp
–在web.xml中，使用 filter 和 filter-mapping
简单的Filter实例

调用WebRoot下面的testFilter.html测试Filter起作用了没？

Filter没有执行哈~
再次测试admin下的testFilter有没起作用？

pass herer~~~~~~在控制台打印出来了,但是页面没有显示Test Filter 1,证明被Filter拦截了。下面我们过滤链调用doFilter方法。

再次执行页面。

页面显示了Test Filter 1了

结构与Servlet相似。
MyFilter.java
package com.michael.servlet;

import java.io.IOException;

import javax.servlet.Filter;
import javax.servlet.FilterChain;
import javax.servlet.FilterConfig;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.ServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.ServletResponse;

public class MyFilterimplements Filter {

      public void destroy() {
      }

      public void doFilter(ServletRequest arg0, ServletResponse arg1,
                     FilterChain chain) throws IOException, ServletException {
            System.out.println("pass here~~~~~~~~");
            chain.doFilter(arg0, arg1);
      }

      public void init(FilterConfig arg0)throws ServletException {
      }

}

web.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app version="2.4"
      xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/j2ee"
      xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
      xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/j2ee
http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/j2ee/web-app_2_4.xsd">
      <filter>
            <filter-name>MyFilter</filter-name>
            <filter-class>com.michael.servlet.MyFilter</filter-class>
      </filter>
      <filter-mapping>
            <filter-name>MyFilter</filter-name>
            <url-pattern>/admin/*</url-pattern>
      </filter-mapping>
</web-app>

testFilter.html
<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
<html>
<head>
      <title>testFilter.html</title>
      <meta http-equiv="keywords" content="keyword1,keyword2,keyword3">
      <meta http-equiv="description" content="this is my page">
      <meta http-equiv="content-type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">
      
</head>
<body>
   <h1>Test Filter 1</h1>
</body>
</html>

? 获得Filter的初始化参数
–在web.xml配置文件的Filter声明中配置初始化参数

–在Filter实现类中获得初始化参数

? Filter 实例
–字符编码 Filter

测试一下提交的中文是否乱码？

用户名显示为乱码

下面我们将整个页面设置统一编码，用Filter来解决哈~
web.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app version="2.4"
      xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/j2ee"
      xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
      xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/j2ee
http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/j2ee/web-app_2_4.xsd">
      <filter>
            <filter-name>MyFilter</filter-name>
            <filter-class>com.michael.servlet.MyFilter</filter-class>
            <init-param>
                     <param-name>encoding</param-name>
                     <param-value>gbk</param-value>
            </init-param>
      </filter>
      <filter-mapping>
            <filter-name>MyFilter</filter-name>
            <url-pattern>/admin/*</url-pattern>
      </filter-mapping>
      <filter>
            <filter-name>EncodingFilter</filter-name>
            <filter-class>com.michael.servlet.EncodingFilter</filter-class>
      </filter>
      <filter-mapping>
            <filter-name>EncodingFilter</filter-name>
            <url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
      </filter-mapping>
<servlet>
      <servlet-name>RegisterServlet</servlet-name>
      <servlet-class>com.michael.servlet.RegisterServlet</servlet-class>
</servlet>
<servlet-mapping>
      <servlet-name>RegisterServlet</servlet-name>
      <url-pattern>/servlet/RegisterServlet</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>
</web-app>

register.html
<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
<html>
<head>
      <title>register.html</title>
      <meta http-equiv="keywords" content="keyword1,keyword2,keyword3">
      <meta http-equiv="description" content="this is my page">
      <meta http-equiv="content-type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">
      
</head>
<body>
      <form name="f1" id="f1" action="/Servlet_Filter/servlet/RegisterServlet" method="post">
         <table border="0">
            <tr>
                  <td>Username:</td>
                  <td><input type="text" name="username" id="login"></td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
                  <td>Password:</td>
                  <td><input type="password" name="password" id="password"></td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
                  <td colspan="2" align="center"><input type="submit" value="Register"></td>
            </tr>
         </table>
      </form>
</body>
</html>

RegisterServlet.java
package com.michael.servlet;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.PrintWriter;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
public class RegisterServletextends HttpServlet {
      /**
      * Constructor of the object.
      */
      public RegisterServlet() {
            super();
      }
      /**
      * Destruction of the servlet. <br>
      */
      public void destroy() {
            super.destroy(); // Just puts "destroy" string in log
            // Put your code here
      }
      /**
      * The doGet method of the servlet. <br>
      *
      * This method is called when a form has its tag value method equals to get.
      *
      * @param request the request send by the client to the server
      * @param response the response send by the server to the client
      * @throws ServletException if an error occurred
      * @throws IOException if an error occurred
      */
      public void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
                     throws ServletException, IOException {
            doPost(request,response);
      }
      /**
      * The doPost method of the servlet. <br>
      *
      * This method is called when a form has its tag value method equals to post.
      *
      * @param request the request send by the client to the server
      * @param response the response send by the server to the client
      * @throws ServletException if an error occurred
      * @throws IOException if an error occurred
      */
      public void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
                     throws ServletException, IOException {
            String username = request.getParameter("username");
            String password = request.getParameter("password");
            response.setContentType("text/html");
            PrintWriter out = response.getWriter();
            out
                              .println("<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC \"-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN\">");
            out.println("<HTML>");
            out.println(" <HEAD><TITLE>A Servlet</TITLE></HEAD>");
            out.println(" <BODY>");
            out.print(username);
            out.print(password);
            out.println(" </BODY>");
            out.println("</HTML>");
            out.flush();
            out.close();
      }
      /**
      * Initialization of the servlet. <br>
      *
      * @throws ServletException if an error occurs
      */
      public void init()throws ServletException {
            // Put your code here
      }
}

EncodingFilter.java
package com.michael.servlet;
import java.io.IOException;
import javax.servlet.Filter;
import javax.servlet.FilterChain;
import javax.servlet.FilterConfig;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.ServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.ServletResponse;
public class EncodingFilterimplements Filter{
      public void destroy() {
            // TODO Auto-generated method stub
      }
      public void doFilter(ServletRequest request, ServletResponse response,
                     FilterChain chain) throws IOException, ServletException {
            request.setCharacterEncoding("gbk");
            response.setCharacterEncoding("gbk");
            chain.doFilter(request, response);
      }
      public void init(FilterConfig arg0)throws ServletException {
            // TODO Auto-generated method stub
      }
}

可以正常显示中文了哈~

–权限验证 Filter
web.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app version="2.4"
      xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/j2ee"
      xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
      xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/j2ee
http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/j2ee/web-app_2_4.xsd">
      <filter>
            <filter-name>MyFilter</filter-name>
            <filter-class>com.michael.servlet.MyFilter</filter-class>
            <init-param>
                     <param-name>encoding</param-name>
                     <param-value>gbk</param-value>
            </init-param>
      </filter>
      <filter-mapping>
            <filter-name>MyFilter</filter-name>
            <url-pattern>/admin/*</url-pattern>
      </filter-mapping>
      <filter>
            <filter-name>EncodingFilter</filter-name>
            <filter-class>com.michael.servlet.EncodingFilter</filter-class>
      </filter>
      <filter-mapping>
            <filter-name>EncodingFilter</filter-name>
            <url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
      </filter-mapping>
      <filter>
            <filter-name>SessionFilter</filter-name>
            <filter-class>com.michael.servlet.SessionFilter</filter-class>
      </filter>
      <filter-mapping>
            <filter-name>SessionFilter</filter-name>
            <url-pattern>/admin/*</url-pattern>
      </filter-mapping>
<servlet>
      <servlet-name>RegisterServlet</servlet-name>
      <servlet-class>com.michael.servlet.RegisterServlet</servlet-class>
</servlet>
<servlet>
      <servlet-name>LoginServlet</servlet-name>
      <servlet-class>com.michael.servlet.LoginServlet</servlet-class>
</servlet>
<servlet-mapping>
      <servlet-name>RegisterServlet</servlet-name>
      <url-pattern>/servlet/RegisterServlet</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>
<servlet-mapping>
      <servlet-name>LoginServlet</servlet-name>
      <url-pattern>/servlet/LoginServlet</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>
</web-app>

login.jsp
<%@ page language="java"import="java.util.*" pageEncoding="gbk"%>
<%
String path = request.getContextPath();
String basePath = request.getScheme()+"://"+request.getServerName()+":"+request.getServerPort()+path+"/";
%>
<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
<html>
<head>
      <base href="<%=basePath%>">
      <title>My JSP 'login.jsp' starting page</title>
      <meta http-equiv="pragma" content="no-cache">
      <meta http-equiv="cache-control" content="no-cache">
      <meta http-equiv="expires" content="0">
      <meta http-equiv="keywords" content="keyword1,keyword2,keyword3">
      <meta http-equiv="description" content="This is my page">
      
</head>
<body>
      ${Login_Error }
      <form name="f1" id="f1" action="/Servlet_Filter/servlet/LoginServlet" method="post">
         <table border="0">
            <tr>
                  <td>Username:</td>
                  <td><input type="text" name="username" id="login"></td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
                  <td>Password:</td>
                  <td><input type="password" name="password" id="password"></td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
                  <td colspan="2" align="center"><input type="submit" value="Login"></td>
            </tr>
         </table>
      </form>
</body>
</html>

LoginServlet.java
package com.michael.servlet;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.PrintWriter;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpSession;
public class LoginServletextends HttpServlet {
      /**
      * Constructor of the object.
      */
      public LoginServlet() {
            super();
      }
      /**
      * Destruction of the servlet. <br>
      */
      public void destroy() {
            super.destroy(); // Just puts "destroy" string in log
            // Put your code here
      }
      /**
      * The doGet method of the servlet. <br>
      *
      * This method is called when a form has its tag value method equals to get.
      *
      * @param request the request send by the client to the server
      * @param response the response send by the server to the client
      * @throws ServletException if an error occurred
      * @throws IOException if an error occurred
      */
      public void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
                     throws ServletException, IOException {
            doPost(request,response);
      }
      /**
      * The doPost method of the servlet. <br>
      *
      * This method is called when a form has its tag value method equals to post.
      *
      * @param request the request send by the client to the server
      * @param response the response send by the server to the client
      * @throws ServletException if an error occurred
      * @throws IOException if an error occurred
      */
      public void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
                     throws ServletException, IOException {
            HttpSession session = request.getSession();
            session.setAttribute("UserSession","user");
            response.setContentType("text/html");
            PrintWriter out = response.getWriter();
            out
                              .println("<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC \"-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN\">");
            out.println("<HTML>");
            out.println(" <HEAD><TITLE>A Servlet</TITLE></HEAD>");
            out.println(" <BODY>");
            out.print("       Welcome you! ");
            out.println(" </BODY>");
            out.println("</HTML>");
            out.flush();
            out.close();
      }
      /**
      * Initialization of the servlet. <br>
      *
      * @throws ServletException if an error occurs
      */
      public void init()throws ServletException {
            // Put your code here
      }
}

SessionFilter.java
package com.michael.servlet;
import java.io.IOException;
import javax.servlet.Filter;
import javax.servlet.FilterChain;
import javax.servlet.FilterConfig;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.ServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.ServletResponse;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpSession;
public class SessionFilterimplements Filter {
      public void destroy() {
            // TODO Auto-generated method stub
      }
      public void doFilter(ServletRequest request, ServletResponse response,
                     FilterChain chain) throws IOException, ServletException {
            HttpServletRequest hrequest = (HttpServletRequest)request;
            HttpServletResponse hresponse = (HttpServletResponse)response;
            HttpSession session = hrequest.getSession();
            String session_Value = (String)session.getAttribute("UserSession");
            if(session_Value!=null&&session_Value.length()>=0){
                     chain.doFilter(request, response);
            }else{
                     hrequest.setAttribute("Login_Error","请登录");
                     hrequest.getRequestDispatcher("/login.jsp").forward(hrequest, hresponse);
            }
      }
      public void init(FilterConfig arg0)throws ServletException {
            // TODO Auto-generated method stub
      }
}

没有登录的状态下直接访问admin目录下的testFilter.thml页面，页面显示“请登录”。