整理了以下数组方法
- join()
- push()和pop()
- shift() 和 unshift()
- sort()
- reverse()
- concat()
- slice()
- splice()
- indexOf()和 lastIndexOf() (ES5新增)
- forEach() (ES5新增)
- map() (ES5新增)
- filter() (ES5新增)
- every() (ES5新增)
- some() (ES5新增)
join()
解释:就是把数组转换成字符串,然后给他规定个连接字符,默认的是逗号( ,)
格式:join(" "),括号里面写字符串 (“要加引号”)
var arr = [1,2,3];
console.log(arr.join()); // 1,2,3
console.log(arr.join("-")); // 1-2-3
console.log(arr); // [1, 2, 3](原数组不变)
push()
解释:把里面的内容添加到数组末尾,并返回修改后的长度
格式:arr.push(" "),括号里面写内容 (“字符串要加引号”)
var arr = ["Lily","lucy","Tom"];
var count = arr.push("Jack","Sean");
console.log(count); // 5
console.log(arr); // ["Lily", "lucy", "Tom", "Jack", "Sean"]
pop()
解释:移除数组最后一项,返回移除的那个值,减少数组的length
格式:arr.pop( )
var arr = ["Lily","lucy","Tom"];
var item = arr.pop();
console.log(item); // Sean
console.log(arr); // ["Lily", "lucy", "Tom", "Jack"]
shift()
解释:删除原数组第一项,并返回删除元素的值;如果数组为空则返回undefined
格式:arr.shift()
var arr = ["Lily","lucy","Tom"];
var item = arr.shift();
console.log(item); // Jack
console.log(arr); // ["Sean", "Lily", "lucy", "Tom"]
unshift()
解释:将参数添加到原数组开头,并返回数组的长度
格式:arr.unshift(" "),括号里面写内容 (“字符串要加引号”)
var arr = ["Lily","lucy","Tom"];
var count = arr.unshift("Jack","Sean");
console.log(count); // 5
console.log(arr); //["Jack", "Sean", "Lily", "lucy", "Tom"]
sort()
解释:将数组里的项从小到大排序
格式:arr.sort( )
var arr1 = ["a", "d", "c", "b"];
console.log(arr1.sort()); // ["a", "b", "c", "d"]
reverse()
解释:反转数组项的顺序
格式:arr.reverse( )
var arr = [13, 24, 51, 3];
console.log(arr.reverse()); //[3, 51, 24, 13]
console.log(arr); //[3, 51, 24, 13](原数组改变)
concat()
解释:将参数添加到原数组中
格式:arr.concat(),括号里面写内容 (“字符串要加引号”),
var arr = [1,3,5,7];
var arrCopy = arr.concat(9,[11,13]);
console.log(arrCopy); //[1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 11, 13]
console.log(arr); // [1, 3, 5, 7](原数组未被修改)
slice()
解释:返回从原数组中指定开始下标到结束下标之间的项组成的新数组
格式:arr.slice( 1 , 3 )
var arr = [1,3,5,7,9,11];
var arrCopy = arr.slice(1);
var arrCopy2 = arr.slice(1,4);
var arrCopy3 = arr.slice(1,-2);
var arrCopy4 = arr.slice(-4,-1);
console.log(arr); //[1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 11](原数组没变)
console.log(arrCopy); //[3, 5, 7, 9, 11]
console.log(arrCopy2); //[3, 5, 7]
console.log(arrCopy3); //[3, 5, 7]
console.log(arrCopy4); //[5, 7, 9]
slice()
解释:删除、插入和替换
格式:arr.splice( 2,0,4,6 )
var arr = [1,3,5,7,9,11];
var arrRemoved = arr.splice(0,2);
console.log(arr); //[5, 7, 9, 11]
console.log(arrRemoved); //[1, 3]
var arrRemoved2 = arr.splice(2,0,4,6);
console.log(arr); // [5, 7, 4, 6, 9, 11]
console.log(arrRemoved2); // []
var arrRemoved3 = arr.splice(1,1,2,4);
console.log(arr); // [5, 2, 4, 4, 6, 9, 11]
console.log(arrRemoved3); //[7]
indexOf()
解释:接收两个参数:要查找的项和(可选的)表示查找起点位置的索引
格式:arr.indexof( 5 )
var arr = [1,3,5,7,7,5,3,1];
console.log(arr.indexOf(5)); //2
console.log(arr.indexOf(5,2)); //2
console.log(arr.indexOf("5")); //-1
lastIndexOf()
解释:要查找的项和(可选的)表示查找起点位置的索引
格式:arr.lastIndexOf( 5,4 )
var arr = [1,3,5,7,7,5,3,1];
console.log(arr.lastIndexOf(5)); //5
console.log(arr.lastIndexOf(5,4)); //2
forEach()
解释:对数组进行遍历循环,对数组中的每一项运行给定函数,这个方法没有返回值
格式:arr.forEach()
var arr = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5];
arr.forEach(function(x, index, a){
console.log(x + '|' + index + '|' + (a === arr));
});
// 输出为:
// 1|0|true
// 2|1|true
// 3|2|true
// 4|3|true
// 5|4|true
forEach()
解释:指“映射”,对数组中的每一项运行给定函数,返回每次函数调用的结果组成的数组
格式:arr.map()
var arr = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5];
var arr2 = arr.map(function(item){
return item*item;
});
console.log(arr2); //[1, 4, 9, 16, 25]
forEach()
解释:“过滤”功能,数组中的每一项运行给定函数,返回满足过滤条件组成的数组
格式:arr.filter()
var arr = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10];
var arr2 = arr.filter(function(x, index) {
return index % 3 === 0 || x >= 8;
});
console.log(arr2); //[1, 4, 7, 8, 9, 10]
every()
解释:判断数组中每一项都是否满足条件,只有所有项都满足条件,才会返回true
格式:arr.every()
var arr = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5];
var arr2 = arr.every(function(x) {
return x < 10;
});
console.log(arr2); //true
var arr3 = arr.every(function(x) {
return x < 3;
});
console.log(arr3); // false
some()
解释:判断数组中是否存在满足条件的项,只要有一项满足条件,就会返回true
格式:arr.some()
var arr = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5];
var arr2 = arr.some(function(x) {
return x < 3;
});
console.log(arr2); //true
var arr3 = arr.some(function(x) {
return x < 1;
});
console.log(arr3); // false