EventBus 源码分析

0. 前言

EventBus 是一款针对Android优化的发布/订阅事件总线。主要功能是替代 Intent , Handler , BroadCast 在 Fragment ， Activity ， Service ，线程之间传递消息。优点是开销小，代码更优雅，以及将发送者和接收者解耦。此文将对最新的 EventBus 3.0 的源码进行简要的分析。

1. 用法回顾

EventBus 3.0 的用法较之前的版本有所变化，它使用了最近较为流行的注解形式取代以前的 onEvent 开头作为方法名，但使用步骤大致相同，分为三个步骤:

• 注册与反注册
  在Activity中的 onCreate() 方法中进行EventBus的注册，在 onDestroy() 方法中进行取消注册。

// 注册
EventBus.getDefault().register(this);
// 取消注册
EventBus.getDefault().unregister(this);

• 订阅
  在3.0版本中，使用 @Subscribe 注解指定订阅者方法。

@Subscribe(threadMode = ThreadMode.MAIN)
public void function(Params p){ }

• 发布
  发布者通过 post() 或 postSticky() 方法进行发布消息。

EventBus.getDefault().post(new Params());

注意:
1. 注册类经笔者测试，必须要是Activity才可以
2. 订阅者方法可见性不能为 private

2. 从注册入手

2.1 单例

调用 getDefault() 方法可以获取到一个全局的单例对象， 这里采用的是 饿汉式 单例设计模式:

public static EventBus getDefault() {
    if (defaultInstance == null) {
        synchronized (EventBus.class) {
            if (defaultInstance == null) {
                defaultInstance = new EventBus();
            }
        }
    }
    return defaultInstance;
}

2.2 构造方法

单例模式维持了一个唯一的对象，那这个对象包含那些东西呢？接下来让我们看看构造方法:

EventBus(EventBusBuilder builder) {
    subscriptionsByEventType = new HashMap<>();
    typesBySubscriber = new HashMap<>();
    stickyEvents = new ConcurrentHashMap<>();
    mainThreadPoster = new HandlerPoster(this, Looper.getMainLooper(), 10);
    backgroundPoster = new BackgroundPoster(this);
    asyncPoster = new AsyncPoster(this);
    indexCount = builder.subscriberInfoIndexes != null ? builder.subscriberInfoIndexes.size() : 0;
    subscriberMethodFinder = new SubscriberMethodFinder(builder.subscriberInfoIndexes,
            builder.strictMethodVerification, builder.ignoreGeneratedIndex);
    logSubscriberExceptions = builder.logSubscriberExceptions;
    logNoSubscriberMessages = builder.logNoSubscriberMessages;
    sendSubscriberExceptionEvent = builder.sendSubscriberExceptionEvent;
    sendNoSubscriberEvent = builder.sendNoSubscriberEvent;
    throwSubscriberException = builder.throwSubscriberException;
    eventInheritance = builder.eventInheritance;
    executorService = builder.executorService;
}

首先是三张 HashMap ，用来存储订阅信息；然后，有创建了三个 Poster ，这就是用来反馈到订阅者所用的。

2.3 注册订阅

public void register(Object subscriber) {
    Class<?> subscriberClass = subscriber.getClass();
    List<SubscriberMethod> subscriberMethods = subscriberMethodFinder.findSubscriberMethods(subscriberClass);
    synchronized (this) {
        for (SubscriberMethod subscriberMethod : subscriberMethods) {
            subscribe(subscriber, subscriberMethod);
        }
    }
}

首先获取订阅类的字节码，然后通过 findSubscriberMethods(...) 方法获取订阅类中包含订阅注解的所有方法，最后将这些方法通过 subscribe() 来实现订阅。

2.4 获取注解方法

为了提高性能，先经过一层存放方法的缓存区，如果缓存区有数据，这直接从缓冲区中获取，没有的话才通过反射机制获取方法，同时将获取到的方法存放一份到缓存区。

List<SubscriberMethod> findSubscriberMethods(Class<?> subscriberClass) {
    List<SubscriberMethod> subscriberMethods = METHOD_CACHE.get(subscriberClass);
    ...
    subscriberMethods = findUsingReflection(subscriberClass);
    ...
    METHOD_CACHE.put(subscriberClass, subscriberMethods);
    return subscriberMethods;
}

如果没有缓存数据，则通过反射查找所有包含 @Subscribe 注解的方法， findUsingReflection() 方法会查找继承关系中所有包含注解的方法:

private List<SubscriberMethod> findUsingReflection(Class<?> subscriberClass) {
    FindState findState = prepareFindState();
    findState.initForSubscriber(subscriberClass);
    while (findState.clazz != null) {
        findUsingReflectionInSingleClass(findState);
        findState.moveToSuperclass();
    }
    return getMethodsAndRelease(findState);
}

具体的查找过程代码如下:

private void findUsingReflectionInSingleClass(FindState findState) {
    ...
    methods = findState.clazz.getDeclaredMethods();
    ...
    for (Method method : methods) {
        ...
        // 获取 `@Subscribe` 注解
        Subscribe subscribeAnnotation = method.getAnnotation(Subscribe.class);
                if (subscribeAnnotation != null) {
                    Class<?> eventType = parameterTypes[0];
                    if (findState.checkAdd(method, eventType)) {
                        ThreadMode threadMode = subscribeAnnotation.threadMode();
                        findState.subscriberMethods.add(new SubscriberMethod(method, eventType, threadMode, subscribeAnnotation.priority(), subscribeAnnotation.sticky()));
                    }
                }
        ...
    }
    ...
}

代码比较长，大体思路就是先通过字节码利用反射获取所有方法，然后遍历查找包含注解的方法，在检查合法性后添加到 findState.subscriberMethods 列表，列表定义如下:

static class FindState {
    final List<SubscriberMethod> subscriberMethods = new ArrayList<>();
    final Map<Class, Object> anyMethodByEventType = new HashMap<>();
    final Map<String, Class> subscriberClassByMethodKey = new HashMap<>();
    ...
}

至此，订阅者的方法就找到了，回到 register() 方法，了解下一步的操作。

public void register(Object subscriber) {
    ...
    for (SubscriberMethod subscriberMethod : subscriberMethods) {
        subscribe(subscriber, subscriberMethod);
    }
}

哈哈，很明显，接下来就是把包含注解的所有方法进行订阅。

3. 订阅

3.1 存放订阅信息

private void subscribe(Object subscriber, SubscriberMethod subscriberMethod) {
    ...
    Subscription newSubscription = new Subscription(subscriber, subscriberMethod);
    ...
    subscriptions.add(i, newSubscription);
    ...
    subscribedEvents.add(eventType);
    if (subscriberMethod.sticky) {
        ...
        // 获取事件
        Object stickyEvent = stickyEvents.get(eventType);
        checkPostStickyEventToSubscription(newSubscription, stickyEvent);
    }
}

订阅方法中分为两种，一种是立即推送，它被添加至 subscriptions 列表中保存，还有一种 sticky 模式，笔者理解的就是延迟模式，它就调用 checkPostStickyEventToSubscription() 方法。我们先来看后者:

private void checkPostStickyEventToSubscription(Subscription newSubscription, Object stickyEvent) {
    if (stickyEvent != null) {
        postToSubscription(newSubscription, stickyEvent, Looper.getMainLooper() == Looper.myLooper());
    }
}

这里调用了 postToSubscription() 方法，带有三个参数，分别是包含订阅者方法的订阅信息包装类、延迟事件、是否为主线程。笔者这里想说下第三个参数， Looper.getMainLooper() 方法返回的是主线程的Looper对象，Looper.myLooper() 返回的是当前线程的Looper对象，所以判断这两个Looper对象是否相等就可以判断当前线程是否为主线程了，是不是很巧妙呢！好了，继续前进去看看 postToSubscription() 方法。

3.2 提交订阅

private void postToSubscription(Subscription subscription, Object event, boolean isMainThread) {
    switch (subscription.subscriberMethod.threadMode) {
        case POSTING:   // 同一个线程调用
            invokeSubscriber(subscription, event);
            break;
        case MAIN:      // 主线程调用
            if (isMainThread) {
                invokeSubscriber(subscription, event);
            } else {
                mainThreadPoster.enqueue(subscription, event);
            }
            break;
        case BACKGROUND: // 后台线程调用
            if (isMainThread) {
                backgroundPoster.enqueue(subscription, event);
            } else {
                invokeSubscriber(subscription, event);
            }
            break;
        case ASYNC:         // 异步线程调用
            asyncPoster.enqueue(subscription, event);
            break;
        default:
            throw new IllegalStateException("Unknown thread mode: " + subscription.subscriberMethod.threadMode);
    }
}

提交订阅也是可以大致分为两种，直接调用或者放入构造方法中提到的 Poster 。

3.2.1 直接调用

void invokeSubscriber(Subscription subscription, Object event) {
    try {
        subscription.subscriberMethod.method.invoke(subscription.subscriber, event);
    } catch (InvocationTargetException e) {
        handleSubscriberException(subscription, event, e.getCause());
    } catch (IllegalAccessException e) {
        throw new IllegalStateException("Unexpected exception", e);
    }
}

直接使用 Method#invoke() 方法调用即可，不多说。

3.2.2 Poster方式

Poster 有三个，原理都基本一致的，这里就以 mainThreadPoster 来说就好，其它两个就靠读者举一反三了：）

 private final PendingPostQueue queue;

 void enqueue(Subscription subscription, Object event) {
    PendingPost pendingPost = PendingPost.obtainPendingPost(subscription, event);
    synchronized (this) {
        queue.enqueue(pendingPost);
        if (!handlerActive) {
            handlerActive = true;
            if (!sendMessage(obtainMessage())) {
                throw new EventBusException("Could not send handler message");
            }
        }
    }
}

首先，通过 PendingPost.obtainPendingPost() 获取到一个 PendingPost 对象，其包含:

private PendingPost(Object event, Subscription subscription) {
    this.event = event;
    this.subscription = subscription;
}

然后将其放在存放 PendingPost 的 PendingPostQueue 队列中，并且将标志位 handlerActive 激活。

final class HandlerPoster extends Handler {
    void enqueue(Subscription subscription, Object event) { ... }
    public void handleMessage(Message msg) { ... }
}

最后利用Handler机制，调用 sendMessage(obtainMessage()) 发送消息，传递到 handleMessage() 中对消息进行处理。

3.3 取出消息

@Override
public void handleMessage(Message msg) {
    boolean rescheduled = false;
    try {
        long started = SystemClock.uptimeMillis();
        while (true) {
            PendingPost pendingPost = queue.poll();
            if (pendingPost == null) {
                synchronized (this) {
                    // 双重检查
                    pendingPost = queue.poll();
                    // 如果没有 pendingPost ，则消息处理完毕，退出
                    if (pendingPost == null) {
                        handlerActive = false;
                        return;
                    }
                }
            }
            // 执行
            eventBus.invokeSubscriber(pendingPost);
            long timeInMethod = SystemClock.uptimeMillis() - started;
            if (timeInMethod >= maxMillisInsideHandleMessage) {
                if (!sendMessage(obtainMessage())) {
                    throw new EventBusException("Could not send handler message");
                }
                rescheduled = true;
                return;
            }
        }
    } finally {
        handlerActive = rescheduled;
    }
}

取消息通过循环来取，然后调用 eventBus.invokeSubscriber(pendingPost) 处理消息，另外，如果处理超时，还会重新执行 sendMessage(obtainMessage()) 以重试。

3.4 调用订阅者

接下来看 eventBus.invokeSubscriber(pendingPost) 方法:

void invokeSubscriber(PendingPost pendingPost) {
    Object event = pendingPost.event;
    Subscription subscription = pendingPost.subscription;
    PendingPost.releasePendingPost(pendingPost);
    if (subscription.active) {
        invokeSubscriber(subscription, event);
    }
}
void invokeSubscriber(Subscription subscription, Object event) {
    try {
        subscription.subscriberMethod.method.invoke(subscription.subscriber, event);
    } catch (InvocationTargetException e) {
        handleSubscriberException(subscription, event, e.getCause());
    } catch (IllegalAccessException e) {
        throw new IllegalStateException("Unexpected exception", e);
    }
}

思路就是对 pendingPost 解包，取出 subscription ，然后调用其中的方法。但是现在队列中并没有消息，所以上述还不会执行，我们得通过发布者发布消息后才能取出消息执行。

4. 发布者

4.1 发布事件

public void post(Object event) {
    PostingThreadState postingState = currentPostingThreadState.get();
    List<Object> eventQueue = postingState.eventQueue;
    // 添加事件
    eventQueue.add(event);
    if (!postingState.isPosting) {
        postingState.isMainThread = Looper.getMainLooper() == Looper.myLooper();
        postingState.isPosting = true;
        if (postingState.canceled) {
            throw new EventBusException("Internal error. Abort state was not reset");
        }
        try {
            while (!eventQueue.isEmpty()) {
                // 执行事件
                postSingleEvent(eventQueue.remove(0), postingState);
            }
        } finally {
            postingState.isPosting = false;
            postingState.isMainThread = false;
        }
    }
}

该方法中，先是获取到事件队列，然后将参数放入队列，刷新 postingState 后执行事件。

4.2 提交事件

private void postSingleEvent(Object event, PostingThreadState postingState) throws Error {
    Class<?> eventClass = event.getClass();
    boolean subscriptionFound = false;
    if (eventInheritance) {
        List<Class<?>> eventTypes = lookupAllEventTypes(eventClass);
        int countTypes = eventTypes.size();
        for (int h = 0; h < countTypes; h++) {
            Class<?> clazz = eventTypes.get(h);
            subscriptionFound |= postSingleEventForEventType(event, postingState, clazz);
        }
    } else {
        subscriptionFound = postSingleEventForEventType(event, postingState, eventClass);
    }
    if (!subscriptionFound) {
        if (logNoSubscriberMessages) {
            Log.d(TAG, "No subscribers registered for event " + eventClass);
        }
        if (sendNoSubscriberEvent && eventClass != NoSubscriberEvent.class &&
                eventClass != SubscriberExceptionEvent.class) {
            post(new NoSubscriberEvent(this, event));
        }
    }
}

大体就是获取到事件类型，然后调用 postSingleEventForEventType() 方法:

private boolean postSingleEventForEventType(Object event, PostingThreadState postingState, Class<?> eventClass) {
    ...
        for (Subscription subscription : subscriptions) {
            postingState.event = event;
            postingState.subscription = subscription;
            boolean aborted = false;
            postToSubscription(subscription, event, postingState.isMainThread);
    ...
}

同样，先要刷新 postingState 状态，然后调用 postToSubscription() 方法，这个方法是不是有点熟悉呢？

private void postToSubscription(Subscription subscription, Object event, boolean isMainThread) {
    switch (subscription.subscriberMethod.threadMode) {
        case POSTING:
            invokeSubscriber(subscription, event);
            break;
        case MAIN:
            if (isMainThread) {
                invokeSubscriber(subscription, event);
            } else {
                mainThreadPoster.enqueue(subscription, event);
            }
            break;
        case BACKGROUND:
            if (isMainThread) {
                backgroundPoster.enqueue(subscription, event);
            } else {
                invokeSubscriber(subscription, event);
            }
            break;
        case ASYNC:
            asyncPoster.enqueue(subscription, event);
            break;
        default:
            throw new IllegalStateException("Unknown thread mode: " + subscription.subscriberMethod.threadMode);
    }
}

对，这又回到了前文中的提交订阅部分了，之后 Poster 取出消息，传递消息，调用订阅者。

5. 总结

EventBus 作为安卓消息传递中的一大神器，单凭笔者这篇博文也是分析不透的，不过希望读者阅读此文后能有一个初步的印象，了解具体的流程，对以后的开发工作有所帮助。