总结：DataX

一、介绍

本文主要介绍DataX的安装与使用。

二、安装

安装：DataX/userGuid.md at master · alibaba/DataX · GitHub

六、案例

实现从MySQL同步数据到HDFS，然后使用Hive进行聚合计算并将结果存储回MySQL。

步骤2：使用DataX同步MySQL数据到HDFS

创建一个DataX作业配置文件（例如mysql_to_hdfs.json），内容如下：

{
    "job": {
        "content": [
            {
                "reader": {
                    "name": "mysqlreader",
                    "parameter": {
                        "username": "your_mysql_username",
                        "password": "your_mysql_password",
                        "column": ["*"],
                        "connection": [
                            {
                                "table": ["your_mysql_table"],
                                "jdbcUrl": ["jdbc:mysql://your_mysql_host:3306/your_database"]
                            }
                        ]
                    }
                },
                "writer": {
                    "name": "hdfswriter",
                    "parameter": {
                        "defaultFS": "hdfs://your_hdfs_namenode:8020",
                        "fileType": "text",
                        "path": "/user/hive/warehouse/your_hdfs_directory",
                        "fileName": "your_file_name",
                        "column": [
                            {
                                "name": "column1",
                                "type": "string"
                            },
                            {
                                "name": "column2",
                                "type": "string"
                            },
                            // 添加其他列
                        ],
                        "writeMode": "append"
                    }
                }
            }
        ]
    }
}

运行DataX作业：

python datax.py ./mysql_to_hdfs.json

步骤3：使用Hive创建外部表映射到HDFS上的数据

在Hive中创建一个外部表，映射到HDFS上的数据文件：

CREATE EXTERNAL TABLE your_hive_table (
    column1 string,
    column2 string,
    // 添加其他列
)
ROW FORMAT DELIMITED
FIELDS TERMINATED BY ','
STORED AS TEXTFILE
LOCATION '/user/hive/warehouse/your_hdfs_directory';

步骤4：在Hive中进行聚合计算

在Hive中执行你的聚合查询，例如：

INSERT OVERWRITE DIRECTORY '/user/hive/warehouse/your_hive_output_directory'
ROW FORMAT DELIMITED
FIELDS TERMINATED BY ','
SELECT column1, COUNT(column2)
FROM your_hive_table
GROUP BY column1;

步骤5：将Hive计算结果导出到MySQL

创建一个DataX作业配置文件（例如hdfs_to_mysql.json），内容如下：

{
    "job": {
        "content": [
            {
                "reader": {
                    "name": "hdfsreader",
                    "parameter": {
                        "path": "/user/hive/warehouse/your_hive_output_directory",
                        "defaultFS": "hdfs://your_hdfs_namenode:8020",
                        "column": [
                            {
                                "name": "column1",
                                "type": "string"
                            },
                            {
                                "name": "count_column2",
                                "type": "long"
                            }
                        ],
                        "fileType": "text",
                        "encoding": "UTF-8",
                        "fieldDelimiter": ","
                    }
                },
                "writer": {
                    "name": "mysqlwriter",
                    "parameter": {
                        "username": "your_mysql_username",
                        "password": "your_mysql_password",
                        "writeMode": "replace",
                        "column": ["column1", "count_column2"],
                        "connection": [
                            {
                                "table": ["your_mysql_output_table"],
                                "jdbcUrl": ["jdbc:mysql://your_mysql_host:3306/your_database"]
                            }
                        ]
                    }
                }
            }
        ]
    }
}

运行DataX作业：

python datax.py ./hdfs_to_mysql.json