AndroidStudio--计算器

1.XML布局文件源码

<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="match_parent"
    	指定该视图边缘与内部内容之间的空白距离
    android:padding="5dp"  
        指定布局内部视图与本线性布局的对齐方式。而layout_gravity指定该视图与上级视图的对齐方式。
    android:gravity="top|center"
        指定线性布局的方向，horizontal表示水平布局，vertical表示垂直布局。
    android:orientation="vertical">

        
        ScrollView滚动视图，其中：垂直方向滚动,layout_width设为match_parent,layout_height设为wrap_parent。水平方向滚动正好相反。
    <ScrollView
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content">

        <LinearLayout
            android:layout_width="match_parent"
            android:layout_height="wrap_content"
            android:orientation="vertical">

            <TextView
                android:layout_width="match_parent"
                android:layout_height="wrap_content"
                    内部text布局在该布局中间
                android:gravity="center"
                android:text="简单计算器"
                android:textColor="#000000"
                android:textSize="22sp" />

            <LinearLayout
                android:layout_width="match_parent"
                android:layout_height="wrap_content"
                android:background="@drawable/shape_white_with_stroke"
                android:orientation="vertical">

                <TextView
                    android:id="@+id/tv_result"
                    android:layout_width="match_parent"
                    android:layout_height="wrap_content"
                        内部text显示在该布局右下角
                    android:gravity="right|bottom"
                    android:lines="3"
                    android:maxLines="3"
                        指定滚动条的方向，取值vertical，如果不指定将不显示滚动条
                    android:scrollbars="vertical"
                    android:textColor="#000000"
                    android:textSize="25sp" />
            </LinearLayout>

            <LinearLayout
                android:layout_width="match_parent"
                android:layout_height="wrap_content"
                android:orientation="vertical">

                <LinearLayout
                    android:layout_width="match_parent"
                    android:layout_height="75dp"
                    android:orientation="horizontal">

                    <Button
                        android:id="@+id/btn_cancel"
                            Button的风格引用的是style中的btu_cal
                        style="@style/btn_cal"
                        android:text="CE" />

                    <Button
                        android:id="@+id/btn_divide"
                        style="@style/btn_cal"
                        android:text="÷" />

                    <Button
                        android:id="@+id/btn_multiply"
                        style="@style/btn_cal"
                        android:text="×" />

                    <Button
                        android:id="@+id/btn_clear"
                        style="@style/btn_cal"
                        android:text="C" />
                </LinearLayout>

                <LinearLayout
                    android:layout_width="match_parent"
                    android:layout_height="75dp"
                    android:orientation="horizontal">

                    <Button
                        android:id="@+id/btn_seven"
                        style="@style/btn_cal"
                        android:text="7" />

                    <Button
                        android:id="@+id/btn_eight"
                        style="@style/btn_cal"
                        android:text="8" />

                    <Button
                        android:id="@+id/btn_nine"
                        style="@style/btn_cal"
                        android:text="9" />

                    <Button
                        android:id="@+id/btn_plus"
                        style="@style/btn_cal"
                        android:text="＋" />
                </LinearLayout>

                <LinearLayout
                    android:layout_width="match_parent"
                    android:layout_height="75dp"
                    android:orientation="horizontal">

                    <Button
                        android:id="@+id/btn_four"
                        style="@style/btn_cal"
                        android:text="4" />

                    <Button
                        android:id="@+id/btn_five"
                        style="@style/btn_cal"
                        android:text="5" />

                    <Button
                        android:id="@+id/btn_six"
                        style="@style/btn_cal"
                        android:text="6" />

                    <Button
                        android:id="@+id/btn_minus"
                        style="@style/btn_cal"
                        android:text="－" />
                </LinearLayout>

                <LinearLayout
                    android:layout_width="match_parent"
                    android:layout_height="75dp"
                    android:orientation="horizontal">

                    <Button
                        android:id="@+id/btn_one"
                        style="@style/btn_cal"
                        android:text="1" />

                    <Button
                        android:id="@+id/btn_two"
                        style="@style/btn_cal"
                        android:text="2" />

                    <Button
                        android:id="@+id/btn_three"
                        style="@style/btn_cal"
                        android:text="3" />

                            
                            ImageButton图像视图，这里用图片显示开根号运算符。
                    <ImageButton
                        android:id="@+id/ib_sqrt"
                        android:layout_width="0dp"
                        android:layout_height="match_parent"
                            占上级视图一个权重。
                        android:layout_weight="1"
                        android:scaleType="centerInside"
                        android:src="@drawable/sqrt"
                        android:background="@drawable/btn_nine_selector"/>
                </LinearLayout>

                <LinearLayout
                    android:layout_width="match_parent"
                    android:layout_height="75dp"
                    android:orientation="horizontal">

                    <Button
                        android:id="@+id/btn_zero"
                        style="@style/btn_cal"
                            占上级视图两个权重。
                        android:layout_weight="2"
                        android:text="0" />

                    <Button
                        android:id="@+id/btn_dot"
                        style="@style/btn_cal"
                        android:text="．" />

                    <Button
                        android:id="@+id/btn_equal"
                        style="@style/btn_cal"
                        android:text="＝" />
                </LinearLayout>
            </LinearLayout>
        </LinearLayout>
    </ScrollView>

</LinearLayout>

2.style.xml中的风格

<resources>

    <!-- Base application theme. -->
    <style name="AppTheme" parent="Theme.AppCompat.Light.DarkActionBar">
        <!-- Customize your theme here. -->
        <item name="colorPrimary">@color/colorPrimary</item>
        <item name="colorPrimaryDark">@color/colorPrimaryDark</item>
        <item name="colorAccent">@color/colorAccent</item>
    </style>

    <style name="btn_cal">
        <item name="android:layout_width">0dp</item>
        <item name="android:layout_height">match_parent</item>
    		指定当前视图的宽或高占上级线性布局的权重（在下级视图的节点中设置）。
        <item name="android:layout_weight">1</item>
        <item name="android:gravity">center</item>
        <item name="android:textColor">@color/black</item>
        <item name="android:textSize">30sp</item>
        <item name="android:background">@drawable/btn_nine_selector</item>
    </style>

</resources>

3.java源码

package com.example.junior;

import android.os.Bundle;
import android.support.v7.app.AppCompatActivity;
import android.text.method.ScrollingMovementMethod;
import android.util.Log;
import android.view.View;
import android.widget.TextView;
import android.widget.Toast;

import com.example.junior.util.Arith;

/**
 * Created by ouyangshen on 2016/9/15.
 */

//
public class CalculatorActivity extends AppCompatActivity implements View.OnClickListener {

    private final static String TAG = "CalculatorActivity";
    private TextView tv_result;

    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);//savedInstanceState是保存当前Activity的状态信息
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_calculator);
        tv_result = (TextView) findViewById(R.id.tv_result);//获取tv_result
        tv_result.setMovementMethod(new ScrollingMovementMethod());//这个TextView使用setMovementMethod来实现滑动

        //设置监听器
        findViewById(R.id.btn_cancel).setOnClickListener(this);
        findViewById(R.id.btn_divide).setOnClickListener(this);
        findViewById(R.id.btn_multiply).setOnClickListener(this);
        findViewById(R.id.btn_clear).setOnClickListener(this);
        findViewById(R.id.btn_seven).setOnClickListener(this);
        findViewById(R.id.btn_eight).setOnClickListener(this);
        findViewById(R.id.btn_nine).setOnClickListener(this);
        findViewById(R.id.btn_plus).setOnClickListener(this);
        findViewById(R.id.btn_four).setOnClickListener(this);
        findViewById(R.id.btn_five).setOnClickListener(this);
        findViewById(R.id.btn_six).setOnClickListener(this);
        findViewById(R.id.btn_minus).setOnClickListener(this);
        findViewById(R.id.btn_one).setOnClickListener(this);
        findViewById(R.id.btn_two).setOnClickListener(this);
        findViewById(R.id.btn_three).setOnClickListener(this);
        findViewById(R.id.btn_zero).setOnClickListener(this);
        findViewById(R.id.btn_dot).setOnClickListener(this);
        findViewById(R.id.btn_equal).setOnClickListener(this);
        findViewById(R.id.ib_sqrt).setOnClickListener(this);
    }

    @Override
    public void onClick(View v) {
        int resid = v.getId();
        String inputText;
        if (resid == R.id.ib_sqrt) {
            inputText = "√";
        } else {
            inputText = ((TextView) v).getText().toString();
        }
        Log.d(TAG, "resid="+resid+",inputText="+inputText);
        if (resid == R.id.btn_clear) {
            clear("");
        } else if (resid == R.id.btn_cancel) {
            if (operator.equals("") == true) {
                if (firstNum.length() == 1) {
                    firstNum = "0";
                } else if (firstNum.length() > 0) {
                    firstNum = firstNum.substring(0, firstNum.length() - 1);
                } else {
                    Toast.makeText(this, "没有可取消的数字了", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show(); //Toast 是一个 View 视图，快速的为用户显示少量的信息。 
                    return;
                }
                showText = firstNum;
                tv_result.setText(showText);
            } else {
                if (nextNum.length() == 1) {
                    nextNum = "";
                } else if (nextNum.length() > 0) {
                    nextNum = nextNum.substring(0, nextNum.length() - 1);
                } else {
                    Toast.makeText(this, "没有可取消的数字了", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
                    return;
                }
                showText = showText.substring(0, showText.length() - 1);
                tv_result.setText(showText);
            }
        } else if (resid == R.id.btn_equal) {
            if (operator.length() == 0 || operator.equals("＝") == true) {
                Toast.makeText(this, "请输入运算符", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
                return;
            } else if (nextNum.length() <= 0) {
                Toast.makeText(this, "请输入数字", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
                return;
            }
            if (caculate() == true) {
                operator = inputText;
                showText = showText + "=" + result;
                tv_result.setText(showText);
            } else {
                return;
            }
        } else if (resid == R.id.btn_plus || resid == R.id.btn_minus
                || resid == R.id.btn_multiply || resid == R.id.btn_divide ) {
            if (firstNum.length() <= 0) {
                Toast.makeText(this, "请输入数字", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
                return;
            }
            if (operator.length() == 0 || operator.equals("＝") == true
                    || operator.equals("√") == true) {
                operator = inputText;// 操作符
                showText = showText + operator;
                tv_result.setText(showText);
            } else {
                Toast.makeText(this, "请输入数字", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
                return;
            }
        } else if (resid == R.id.ib_sqrt) {
            if (firstNum.length() <= 0) {
                Toast.makeText(this, "请输入数字", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
                return;
            }
            if (Double.parseDouble(firstNum) < 0) {
                Toast.makeText(this, "开根号的数值不能小于0", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
                return;
            }
            result = String.valueOf(Math.sqrt(Double.parseDouble(firstNum)));
            firstNum = result;
            nextNum = "";
            operator = inputText;
            showText = showText + "√=" + result;
            tv_result.setText(showText);
            Log.d(TAG, "result="+result+",firstNum="+firstNum+",operator="+operator);
        } else {
            if (operator.equals("＝") == true) {
                operator = "";
                firstNum = "";
                showText = "";
            }
            if (resid == R.id.btn_dot) {
                inputText = ".";
            }
            if (operator.equals("") == true) {
                firstNum = firstNum + inputText;
            } else {
                nextNum = nextNum + inputText;
            }
            showText = showText + inputText;
            tv_result.setText(showText);
        }
        return;
    }

    private String operator = ""; // 操作符
    private String firstNum = ""; // 前一个操作数
    private String nextNum = ""; // 后一个操作数
    private String result = ""; // 当前的计算结果
    private String showText = ""; // 显示的文本内容

    // 开始加减乘除四则运算
    private boolean caculate() {
        if (operator.equals("＋") == true) {
            result = String.valueOf(Arith.add(firstNum, nextNum));
        } else if (operator.equals("－") == true) {
            result = String.valueOf(Arith.sub(firstNum, nextNum));
        } else if (operator.equals("×") == true) {
            result = String.valueOf(Arith.mul(firstNum, nextNum));
        } else if (operator.equals("÷") == true) {
            if ("0".equals(nextNum)) {
                Toast.makeText(this, "被除数不能为零", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
                return false;
            } else {
                result = String.valueOf(Arith.div(firstNum, nextNum));
            }
        }
        firstNum = result;
        nextNum = "";
        return true;
    }

    // 清空并初始化
    private void clear(String text) {
        showText = text;
        tv_result.setText(showText);
        operator = "";
        firstNum = "";
        nextNum = "";
        result = "";
    }

}

最后在配置文件中配置一下就OK了，

注：代码中的注释是我写博客时加的，复制后将注释删除或者加上注释符。