韦东山分层分离思想
概述
分层分离思想相对与单独的分层思想来说,就是多了一步将硬件资源分离出led单板操作层(分层:将驱动和关于led单板的操作实现分层,通过led_opr.h中抽象出了的led_opr类来连接两者)
分离思想就是将led单板的操作实现分层再抽象出一个资源类来,定义led的连接芯片各管脚。
Makefile
# 1. 使用不同的开发板内核时, 一定要修改KERN_DIR
# 2. KERN_DIR中的内核要事先配置、编译, 为了能编译内核, 要先设置下列环境变量:
# 2.1 ARCH, 比如: export ARCH=arm64
# 2.2 CROSS_COMPILE, 比如: export CROSS_COMPILE=aarch64-linux-gnu-
# 2.3 PATH, 比如: export PATH=$PATH:/home/book/100ask_roc-rk3399-pc/ToolChain-6.3.1/gcc-linaro-6.3.1-2017.05-x86_64_aarch64-linux-gnu/bin
# 注意: 不同的开发板不同的编译器上述3个环境变量不一定相同,
# 请参考各开发板的高级用户使用手册
KERN_DIR = /home/book/100ask_roc-rk3399-pc/linux-4.4
all:
make -C $(KERN_DIR) M=`pwd` modules
$(CROSS_COMPILE)gcc -o ledtest ledtest.c
clean:
make -C $(KERN_DIR) M=`pwd` modules clean
rm -rf modules.order
rm -f ledtest
# 参考内核源码drivers/char/ipmi/Makefile
# 要想把a.c, b.c编译成ab.ko, 可以这样指定:
# ab-y := a.o b.o
# obj-m += ab.o
# leddrv.c board_demo.c 编译成 100ask.ko
100ask_led-y := leddrv.o chip_demo_gpio.o board_A_led.o
obj-m += 100ask_led.o
led_opr.h先抽象出了led的操作类(分层)
#ifndef _LED_OPR_H
#define _LED_OPR_H
struct led_operations {
int (*init) (int which); /* 初始化LED, which-哪个LED */
int (*ctl) (int which, char status); /* 控制LED, which-哪个LED, status:1-亮,0-灭 */
};
struct led_operations *get_board_led_opr(void);
#endif
led_resource.h抽象出了引脚资源类(分离)
将对原有的实现led的操作功能的文件,再进行分离,分离为对硬件资源的定义和实现led操作的具体流程
#ifndef _LED_RESOURCE_H
#define _LED_RESOURCE_H
/* GPIO3_0 */
/* bit[31:16] = group */
/* bit[15:0] = which pin */
#define GROUP(x) (x>>16)
#define PIN(x) (x&0xFFFF)
#define GROUP_PIN(g,p) ((g<<16) | (p))
struct led_resource {
int pin;
};
struct led_resource *get_led_resouce(void);
#endif
board_A_led.c提供了对led_resource.h中资源类的实现
#include "led_resource.h"
static struct led_resource board_A_led = {
.pin = GROUP_PIN(3,1),
};
struct led_resource *get_led_resouce(void)
{
return &board_A_led;
}
chip_demo_gpio.c 提供了对led_opr.h中操作类的实现
#include <linux/module.h>
#include <linux/fs.h>
#include <linux/errno.h>
#include <linux/miscdevice.h>
#include <linux/kernel.h>
#include <linux/major.h>
#include <linux/mutex.h>
#include <linux/proc_fs.h>
#include <linux/seq_file.h>
#include <linux/stat.h>
#include <linux/init.h>
#include <linux/device.h>
#include <linux/tty.h>
#include <linux/kmod.h>
#include <linux/gfp.h>
#include "led_opr.h"
#include "led_resource.h"
static struct led_resource *led_rsc;
static int board_demo_led_init (int which) /* 初始化LED, which-哪个LED */
{
//printk("%s %s line %d, led %d\n", __FILE__, __FUNCTION__, __LINE__, which);
if (!led_rsc)
{
led_rsc = get_led_resouce();
}
printk("init gpio: group %d, pin %d\n", GROUP(led_rsc->pin), PIN(led_rsc->pin));
switch(GROUP(led_rsc->pin))
{
case 0:
{
printk("init pin of group 0 ...\n");
break;
}
case 1:
{
printk("init pin of group 1 ...\n");
break;
}
case 2:
{
printk("init pin of group 2 ...\n");
break;
}
case 3:
{
printk("init pin of group 3 ...\n");
break;
}
}
return 0;
}
static int board_demo_led_ctl (int which, char status) /* 控制LED, which-哪个LED, status:1-亮,0-灭 */
{
//printk("%s %s line %d, led %d, %s\n", __FILE__, __FUNCTION__, __LINE__, which, status ? "on" : "off");
printk("set led %s: group %d, pin %d\n", status ? "on" : "off", GROUP(led_rsc->pin), PIN(led_rsc->pin));
switch(GROUP(led_rsc->pin))
{
case 0:
{
printk("set pin of group 0 ...\n");
break;
}
case 1:
{
printk("set pin of group 1 ...\n");
break;
}
case 2:
{
printk("set pin of group 2 ...\n");
break;
}
case 3:
{
printk("set pin of group 3 ...\n");
break;
}
}
return 0;
}
static struct led_operations board_demo_led_opr = {
.init = board_demo_led_init,
.ctl = board_demo_led_ctl,
};
struct led_operations *get_board_led_opr(void)
{
return &board_demo_led_opr;
}
leddrv.c设备驱动文件
#include <linux/module.h>
#include <linux/fs.h>
#include <linux/errno.h>
#include <linux/miscdevice.h>
#include <linux/kernel.h>
#include <linux/major.h>
#include <linux/mutex.h>
#include <linux/proc_fs.h>
#include <linux/seq_file.h>
#include <linux/stat.h>
#include <linux/init.h>
#include <linux/device.h>
#include <linux/tty.h>
#include <linux/kmod.h>
#include <linux/gfp.h>
#include "led_opr.h"
#define LED_NUM 2
/* 1. 确定主设备号 */
static int major = 0;
static struct class *led_class;
struct led_operations *p_led_opr;
#define MIN(a, b) (a < b ? a : b)
/* 3. 实现对应的open/read/write等函数,填入file_operations结构体 */
static ssize_t led_drv_read (struct file *file, char __user *buf, size_t size, loff_t *offset)
{
printk("%s %s line %d\n", __FILE__, __FUNCTION__, __LINE__);
return 0;
}
/* write(fd, &val, 1); */
static ssize_t led_drv_write (struct file *file, const char __user *buf, size_t size, loff_t *offset)
{
int err;
char status;
struct inode *inode = file_inode(file);
int minor = iminor(inode);
printk("%s %s line %d\n", __FILE__, __FUNCTION__, __LINE__);
err = copy_from_user(&status, buf, 1);
/* 根据次设备号和status控制LED */
p_led_opr->ctl(minor, status);
return 1;
}
static int led_drv_open (struct inode *node, struct file *file)
{
int minor = iminor(node);
printk("%s %s line %d\n", __FILE__, __FUNCTION__, __LINE__);
/* 根据次设备号初始化LED */
p_led_opr->init(minor);
return 0;
}
static int led_drv_close (struct inode *node, struct file *file)
{
printk("%s %s line %d\n", __FILE__, __FUNCTION__, __LINE__);
return 0;
}
/* 2. 定义自己的file_operations结构体 */
static struct file_operations led_drv = {
.owner = THIS_MODULE,
.open = led_drv_open,
.read = led_drv_read,
.write = led_drv_write,
.release = led_drv_close,
};
/* 4. 把file_operations结构体告诉内核:注册驱动程序 */
/* 5. 谁来注册驱动程序啊?得有一个入口函数:安装驱动程序时,就会去调用这个入口函数 */
static int __init led_init(void)
{
int err;
int i;
printk("%s %s line %d\n", __FILE__, __FUNCTION__, __LINE__);
major = register_chrdev(0, "100ask_led", &led_drv); /* /dev/led */
led_class = class_create(THIS_MODULE, "100ask_led_class");
err = PTR_ERR(led_class);
if (IS_ERR(led_class)) {
printk("%s %s line %d\n", __FILE__, __FUNCTION__, __LINE__);
unregister_chrdev(major, "led");
return -1;
}
for (i = 0; i < LED_NUM; i++)
device_create(led_class, NULL, MKDEV(major, i), NULL, "100ask_led%d", i); /* /dev/100ask_led0,1,... */
p_led_opr = get_board_led_opr();
return 0;
}
/* 6. 有入口函数就应该有出口函数:卸载驱动程序时,就会去调用这个出口函数 */
static void __exit led_exit(void)
{
int i;
printk("%s %s line %d\n", __FILE__, __FUNCTION__, __LINE__);
for (i = 0; i < LED_NUM; i++)
device_destroy(led_class, MKDEV(major, i)); /* /dev/100ask_led0,1,... */
device_destroy(led_class, MKDEV(major, 0));
class_destroy(led_class);
unregister_chrdev(major, "100ask_led");
}
/* 7. 其他完善:提供设备信息,自动创建设备节点 */
module_init(led_init);
module_exit(led_exit);
MODULE_LICENSE("GPL");
ledtest.c测试文件
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/stat.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
/*
* ./ledtest /dev/100ask_led0 on
* ./ledtest /dev/100ask_led0 off
*/
int main(int argc, char **argv)
{
int fd;
char status;
/* 1. 判断参数 */
if (argc != 3)
{
printf("Usage: %s <dev> <on | off>\n", argv[0]);
return -1;
}
/* 2. 打开文件 */
fd = open(argv[1], O_RDWR);
if (fd == -1)
{
printf("can not open file %s\n", argv[1]);
return -1;
}
/* 3. 写文件 */
if (0 == strcmp(argv[2], "on"))
{
status = 1;
write(fd, &status, 1);
}
else
{
status = 0;
write(fd, &status, 1);
}
close(fd);
return 0;
}
总结
leddrv.c
ledtest.c
led_opr.h
led_resource.h
board_A_led.c
chip_demo_gpio.c