IELTS12 TEST7 it is necessary to spend large sums of money on constructing new railway lines

IELTS12 Test 7的话题,主要是探讨城市是否把大量的资金投入到建造高速铁炉上,还是把大量资金投入到自身城市交通的建设上。

我的观点就是,从国家战略和城际发展的角度,我们应该大力发展城际间的高速铁炉,因为其经济效益不可估量。 但是也要根据情况,如果城市本身城际交通已经很好了,而城市内部的交通却落后,像以前的武汉,这个时候,我们的重点应该是把主要资金投入到自身城市建设上来。

Topic

In a number of countries, some people think it is necessary to spend large sums of money on constructing new railway lines for very fast trains between cities. Others believe the money should be spent on improving existing public transport.


Discuss both these views and give your own opinion.

My writing

I think everyone has its own reasons to either construct new railway lines or improve existing public transport. If we really want to put it into actions, we should consider various aspects of issues. I quite agree with the point that we must make decisions according to situations.

Spending plenty of money on constructing new railway lines between cities is necessary. Usually, we can promote the development of economy by improving transportation systems between cities. If a city has a good resource of tourism, the city can put much effort into developing tourism, it will be helpful if there are loads of high speed trains between cities, which will stimulate the motivations of visitors to travel to this area, in some cases, it will increase the incomes of the local citizens and create more fortune. It is not only good for tourism, it may cause a series of positive chain reactions to many aspects about the city. What’s more, from the point of a country, governments tend to interconnect each city, an excellent transportation system is vital from the point of whatever the strategy of a nation or the needs to clear away obstacles of development. Further more, some cities are surrounded with mountains, it may be more significant to construct railway lines.

If the city has already had a developed transportation system to satisfy current needs, it will be more meaningful if large sums of money are spent improving existing public transport. For example, Wuhan used to be famous for its important geographical position, and it has a developed transportation network right now, but its intrinsic public transport falls behind, there are always traffic congestion and crowded people, developing its own public transport seems more meaningful than developing railway new railway between cities.  

Whatever opinion you choose, you should make decisions according to physical truth. If you are the decision maker, you may get a good reputation if you follow my advice.
This is a classic problem of finding the number of subsets of a given set with a certain property. In this case, we want to find the number of subsets of the set {0,1,2,...,k-1} such that the sum of the elements in the subset is less than or equal to n. We can use dynamic programming to solve this problem efficiently. Let dp[i][j] be the number of ways to choose a subset of the first i elements of the set {0,1,2,...,k-1} such that the sum of the elements in the subset is exactly j. Then the answer to the problem is the sum of dp[k][0] to dp[k][n]. The base case is dp[0][0]=1, since there is exactly one way to choose an empty subset with sum zero. For each i from 1 to k, we can either choose the i-th element or not. If we choose it, then we need to find the number of ways to choose a subset of the first i-1 elements with sum j-2i. If we do not choose it, then we need to find the number of ways to choose a subset of the first i-1 elements with sum j. Therefore, dp[i][j] = dp[i-1][j] + dp[i-1][j-2i], if j>=2i dp[i][j] = dp[i-1][j], otherwise The final answer is the sum of dp[k][0] to dp[k][n]. The time complexity of this algorithm is O(kn). Here is the Python code to solve the problem: ```python t = int(input()) for _ in range(t): n, k = map(int, input().split()) dp = [[0] * (n+1) for _ in range(k+1)] dp[0][0] = 1 for i in range(1, k+1): for j in range(n+1): dp[i][j] = dp[i-1][j] if j >= 2**i: dp[i][j] += dp[i-1][j-2**i] print(sum(dp[k])) ``` I hope this helps! Let me know if you have any more questions.
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