[leetcode] 450. Delete Node in a BST

Description

Given a root node reference of a BST and a key, delete the node with the given key in the BST. Return the root node reference (possibly updated) of the BST.

Basically, the deletion can be divided into two stages:

1. Search for a node to remove.
2. If the node is found, delete the node.
   Note: Time complexity should be O(height of tree).

Example:

root = [5,3,6,2,4,null,7]
key = 3

    5
   / \
  3   6
 / \   \
2   4   7

Given key to delete is 3. So we find the node with value 3 and delete it.

One valid answer is [5,4,6,2,null,null,7], shown in the following BST.

    5
   / \
  4   6
 /     \
2       7

Another valid answer is [5,2,6,null,4,null,7].

    5
   / \
  2   6
   \   \
    4   7

分析

题目的意思是：删除二叉搜索树中的指定结点。

• 首先判断根节点是否为空。由于BST的左<根<右的性质，使得我们可以快速定位到要删除的节点，我们对于当前节点值不等于key的情况，根据大小关系对其左右子节点分别调用递归函数。若当前节点就是要删除的节点，我们首先判断是否有一个子节点不存在，那么我们就将root指向另一个节点，如果左右子节点都不存在，那么root就赋值为空了，也正确.
• 难点就在于处理左右子节点都存在的情况，我们需要在右子树找到最小值，即右子树中最左下方的节点，然后将该最小值赋值给root，然后再在右子树中调用递归函数来删除这个值最小的节点.

代码

/**
 * Definition for a binary tree node.
 * struct TreeNode {
 *     int val;
 *     TreeNode *left;
 *     TreeNode *right;
 *     TreeNode(int x) : val(x), left(NULL), right(NULL) {}
 * };
 */
class Solution {
public:
    TreeNode* deleteNode(TreeNode* root, int key) {
        if(!root) return NULL;
        if(root->val>key){
            root->left=deleteNode(root->left,key);
        }else if(root->val<key){
            root->right=deleteNode(root->right,key);
        }else{
            if(!root->left||!root->right){
                root=root->left ? root->left:root->right;
            }else{
                TreeNode* cur=root->right;
                while(cur->left) cur=cur->left;
                root->val=cur->val;
                root->right=deleteNode(root->right,cur->val);
            }
        }
        return root;
    }
};

参考文献

[LeetCode] Delete Node in a BST 删除二叉搜索树中的节点