JAVA操作RabbitMQ-work工作队列模式

 工作队列模式：一个生产者，多个消费者，多个消费者共同监听一个队列，一个消息只能被一个消费者获取。 工作队列模式又分为两种，轮询模式分发和公平分发。

轮询模式分发：一条消息一个消费者，按均分配。

公平分发：根据消费者的消费能力进行公平分发，处理快的处理的多，处理慢的处理的少；按劳分配。

P：消息的生产者
C1，C2：消息的消费者
红色：队列

生产者将消息发送到队列（通过默认交换机），消费者从队列中获取消息。

 1. pom.xml引入rabbitmq依赖

<dependency>
     <groupId>com.rabbitmq</groupId>
     <artifactId>amqp-client</artifactId>
     <version>5.13.1</version>
</dependency>

2. 创建队列

public class CreateQueue {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        // 设置连接参数
        ConnectionFactory connectionFactory = new ConnectionFactory();
        connectionFactory.setHost("127.0.0.1");
        connectionFactory.setPort(5672);
        connectionFactory.setUsername("admin");
        connectionFactory.setPassword("123456");
        connectionFactory.setVirtualHost("/");

        Connection connection = null;
        Channel channel = null;
        try {
            // 创建连接Connection
            connection = connectionFactory.newConnection("生产者");
            // 创建channel
            channel = connection.createChannel();
            String queueName = "work-queue1";

            //创建队列
            // 队列名称，是否持久化，是否独占，是否自动删除(当最后一条消息消费完毕后自动删除)，附加属性
            channel.queueDeclare(queueName, true, false, false, null);
            System.out.println("创建队列成功");

        } catch (IOException | TimeoutException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } finally {
            // 关闭channel和connection
            if (channel != null && channel.isOpen()) {
                try {
                    channel.close();
                } catch (IOException | TimeoutException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            }
            if (connection != null && connection.isOpen()) {
                try {
                    connection.close();
                } catch (IOException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            }
        }
    }
}

3. 消费者1

public class Consumer1 {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        // 设置连接参数
        ConnectionFactory connectionFactory = new ConnectionFactory();
        connectionFactory.setHost("127.0.0.1");
        connectionFactory.setPort(5672);
        connectionFactory.setUsername("admin");
        connectionFactory.setPassword("123456");
        connectionFactory.setVirtualHost("/");

        Connection connection = null;
        Channel channel = null;
        try {
            // 创建连接Connection
            connection = connectionFactory.newConnection("消费者1");
            // 创建channel
            channel = connection.createChannel();

            // 监听发送来的消息
            // 队列名称，是否自动确认消息，接收消息的回调，消费者取消时的回调
            channel.basicConsume("work-queue1", true,
                    (consumerTag, message) -> System.out.println("收到消息：" + new String(message.getBody(), StandardCharsets.UTF_8)),
                    consumerTag -> System.out.println("消费者取消订阅"));

            while (true) {
                //阻塞进程， 防止消费者程序退出
            }
        } catch (IOException | TimeoutException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } finally {
            // 关闭channel和connection
            if (channel != null && channel.isOpen()) {
                try {
                    channel.close();
                } catch (IOException | TimeoutException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            }
            if (connection != null && connection.isOpen()) {
                try {
                    connection.close();
                } catch (IOException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            }
        }


    }
}

4. 消费者2

public class Consumer2 {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        // 设置连接参数
        ConnectionFactory connectionFactory = new ConnectionFactory();
        connectionFactory.setHost("127.0.0.1");
        connectionFactory.setPort(5672);
        connectionFactory.setUsername("admin");
        connectionFactory.setPassword("123456");
        connectionFactory.setVirtualHost("/");

        Connection connection = null;
        Channel channel = null;
        try {
            // 创建连接Connection
            connection = connectionFactory.newConnection("消费者2");
            // 创建channel
            channel = connection.createChannel();

            // 监听发送来的消息
            // 队列名称，是否自动确认消息，接收消息的回调，消费者取消时的回调
            channel.basicConsume("work-queue1", true,
                    (consumerTag, message) -> System.out.println("收到消息：" + new String(message.getBody(), StandardCharsets.UTF_8)),
                    consumerTag -> System.out.println("消费者取消订阅"));

            while (true) {
                //阻塞进程， 防止消费者程序退出
            }
        } catch (IOException | TimeoutException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } finally {
            // 关闭channel和connection
            if (channel != null && channel.isOpen()) {
                try {
                    channel.close();
                } catch (IOException | TimeoutException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            }
            if (connection != null && connection.isOpen()) {
                try {
                    connection.close();
                } catch (IOException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            }
        }


    }
}

 5. 生产者

public class Producer {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        // 设置连接参数
        ConnectionFactory connectionFactory = new ConnectionFactory();
        connectionFactory.setHost("127.0.0.1");
        connectionFactory.setPort(5672);
        connectionFactory.setUsername("admin");
        connectionFactory.setPassword("123456");
        connectionFactory.setVirtualHost("/");

        Connection connection = null;
        Channel channel = null;
        try {
            // 创建连接Connection
            connection = connectionFactory.newConnection("生产者");
            // 创建channel
            channel = connection.createChannel();
            String queueName = "work-queue1";

            // 发送消息到队列
            for (int i = 0; i < 30; i++) {
                // exchange，routingKey, props，message body
                channel.basicPublish("", queueName, null, ("hello message" + i).getBytes(StandardCharsets.UTF_8));
            }

            System.out.println("消息发送成功");

        } catch (IOException | TimeoutException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } finally {
            // 关闭channel和connection
            if (channel != null && channel.isOpen()) {
                try {
                    channel.close();
                } catch (IOException | TimeoutException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            }
            if (connection != null && connection.isOpen()) {
                try {
                    connection.close();
                } catch (IOException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            }
        }
    }
}

6. 先创建队列，启动两个消费者，再启动生产者发送消息，你会看到两个消费者收到的消息个数都一样。以此可以看出一条消息一个消费者，按均分配，默认是轮询模式。

 7.公平分发，需要修改为手动ack，并且设置qos(实际使用要根据服务器配置来配置)

消费者1

public class Consumer1 {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        // 设置连接参数
        ConnectionFactory connectionFactory = new ConnectionFactory();
        connectionFactory.setHost("127.0.0.1");
        connectionFactory.setPort(5672);
        connectionFactory.setUsername("admin");
        connectionFactory.setPassword("123456");
        connectionFactory.setVirtualHost("/");

        Connection connection = null;
        Channel channel = null;
        try {
            // 创建连接Connection
            connection = connectionFactory.newConnection("消费者1");
            // 创建channel
            channel = connection.createChannel();

            // 监听发送来的消息
            // 队列名称，是否自动确认消息，接收消息的回调，消费者取消时的回调
            Channel finalChannel = channel;
            channel.basicQos(10);
            channel.basicConsume("work-queue1", false,
                    (consumerTag, message) -> {
                        System.out.println("收到消息：" + new String(message.getBody(), StandardCharsets.UTF_8));
                        finalChannel.basicAck(message.getEnvelope().getDeliveryTag(),false);
                    },
                    consumerTag -> System.out.println("消费者取消订阅"));

            while (true) {
                //阻塞进程， 防止消费者程序退出
            }
        } catch (IOException | TimeoutException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } finally {
            // 关闭channel和connection
            if (channel != null && channel.isOpen()) {
                try {
                    channel.close();
                } catch (IOException | TimeoutException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            }
            if (connection != null && connection.isOpen()) {
                try {
                    connection.close();
                } catch (IOException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            }
        }


    }
}

消费者2

public class Consumer2 {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        // 设置连接参数
        ConnectionFactory connectionFactory = new ConnectionFactory();
        connectionFactory.setHost("127.0.0.1");
        connectionFactory.setPort(5672);
        connectionFactory.setUsername("admin");
        connectionFactory.setPassword("123456");
        connectionFactory.setVirtualHost("/");

        Connection connection = null;
        Channel channel = null;
        try {
            // 创建连接Connection
            connection = connectionFactory.newConnection("消费者2");
            // 创建channel
            channel = connection.createChannel();

            // 监听发送来的消息
            // 队列名称，是否自动确认消息，接收消息的回调，消费者取消时的回调
            Channel finalChannel = channel;
            channel.basicQos(5);
            channel.basicConsume("work-queue1", false,
                    (consumerTag, message) ->{
                        System.out.println("收到消息：" + new String(message.getBody(), StandardCharsets.UTF_8));
                        finalChannel.basicAck(message.getEnvelope().getDeliveryTag(),false);
                    },
                    consumerTag -> System.out.println("消费者取消订阅"));

            while (true) {
                //阻塞进程， 防止消费者程序退出
            }
        } catch (IOException | TimeoutException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } finally {
            // 关闭channel和connection
            if (channel != null && channel.isOpen()) {
                try {
                    channel.close();
                } catch (IOException | TimeoutException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            }
            if (connection != null && connection.isOpen()) {
                try {
                    connection.close();
                } catch (IOException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            }
        }


    }
}