简单的线程池

1.线程池基本原理

该图来自：http://blog.csdn.net/turkeyzhou/article/details/8755976
一般来说实现一个线程池主要包括以下几个组成部分：

1）线程管理器：用于创建并管理线程池。

2）工作线程：线程池中实际执行任务的线程。在初始化线程时会预先创建好固定数目的线程在池中，这些初始化的线程一般处于空闲状态，一般不占用CPU，占用较小的内存空间。

3）任务接口：每个任务必须实现的接口，当线程池的任务队列中有可执行任务时，被空闲的工作线程调去执行（线程的闲与忙是通过互斥量实现的，跟前面文章中的设置标志位差不多），把任务抽象出来形成接口，可以做到线程池与具体的任务无关。

4）任务队列：用来存放没有处理的任务，提供一种缓冲机制，实现这种结构有好几种方法，常用的是队列，主要运用先进先出原理，另外一种是链表之类的数据结构，可以动态的为它分配内存空间，应用中比较灵活，下文中就是用到的链表。

下面的不在赘述百度《线程池技术在并发服务器中的应用》写的非常详细！

转自：http://blog.csdn.net/zouxinfox/article/details/3560891

这里记录一下自己弄个的一个简单的线程池；

头文件：

/*
 * Thread_pool.h
 *
 *  Created on: 2016年4月11日
 *      Author: wenjun
 */

#ifndef THREAD_POOL_H_
#define THREAD_POOL_H_

#include <pthread.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <errno.h>
#include <time.h>

//线程任务
typedef struct thread_task
{
    void *(*run)(void *arg);//线程执行函数
    void *arg;//函参
    struct thread_task *next;
}thr_task;

//协同条件
typedef struct thread_condition
{
    pthread_cond_t thr_cond_t;//条件变量
    pthread_mutex_t thr_mutex_t;//互斥锁
}thr_condition;

//线程池
typedef struct thread_pool
{
    thr_condition ready;//线程协调条件
    thr_task *first;//任务链表头指针
    thr_task *tail;//任务链表尾指针
    int idle;//空闲现正数
    int counter;//当前线程池线程数
    int max_threads;//最大线程数
    int quit;//现正需要摧毁标志
}thr_pool;

//初始化线程条件
int condition_init(thr_condition *cond)
{
    int flag = 0;
    //初始化互斥量
    if((flag = pthread_mutex_init(&cond->thr_mutex_t, NULL)) != 0)
    {
        printf("pthread_mutex_init failed %d\n",flag);
        return -1;
    }
    //初始化条件变量
    if((flag = pthread_cond_init(&cond->thr_cond_t, NULL)) != 0)
    {
        printf("pthread_condition_init failed %d\n", flag);
        return -1;
    }
    return 0;
}

//申请互斥锁
int condition_lock(thr_condition *cond)
{
    return pthread_mutex_lock(&cond->thr_mutex_t);
}
//释放互斥锁
int condition_unlock(thr_condition *cond)
{
    return pthread_mutex_unlock(&cond->thr_mutex_t);
}
//申请条件锁
int condition_timewait(thr_condition *cond, const struct timespec *tsptr)
{
    int statu = pthread_cond_timedwait(&cond->thr_cond_t, &cond->thr_mutex_t, tsptr);
    return statu;
}
//申请条件锁
int condition_wait(thr_condition *cond)
{
    return pthread_cond_wait(&cond->thr_cond_t, &cond->thr_mutex_t);
}
//发送条件条件锁信号
int condition_signal(thr_condition *cond)
{
    return pthread_cond_signal(&cond->thr_cond_t);
}
//发送条件锁广播
int condition_broadcast(thr_condition *cond)
{
    return pthread_cond_broadcast(&cond->thr_cond_t);
}
//销毁线程条件变量
int condition_destroy(thr_condition *cond)
{
    int flag = 0;
    //销毁互斥量
    if((flag = pthread_mutex_destroy(&cond->thr_mutex_t)) != 0)
    {
        printf("pthread_mutex_destroy failed %d\n",flag);
        return -1;
    }
    //销毁条件变量
    if((flag = pthread_cond_destroy(&cond->thr_cond_t)) != 0)
    {
        printf("pthread_condition_destroy failed %d\n", flag);
        return -1;
    }
    return 0;
}

//线程执行函数
void *thread_routine(void *arg)
{
    struct timespec abstime;
    int timeout;
    printf("thread 0x%x is starting\n", (int)pthread_self());
    thr_pool *pool = (thr_pool *)arg;
    //等待与处理任务
    while(1)
    {
        condition_lock(&pool->ready);
        pool->idle++;
        //等待任务
        while(pool->first && !pool->quit)
        {
            timeout = 0;
            clock_gettime(CLOCK_REALTIME, &abstime);
            abstime.tv_sec += 1000;
            printf("thread 0x%x is waiting\n", (int)pthread_self());
            int status = condition_timewait(&pool->ready, &abstime);
            if(status == ETIMEDOUT ||status != 0)
            {
                printf("thread 0x%x is wait timed out \n", (int)pthread_self());
                timeout = 1;
                break;
            }
            printf("thread 0x%x is wait ending \n", (int)pthread_self());
        }

        //执行任务
        if(pool->first != NULL)
        {
            thr_task *task = pool->first;
            pool->first = pool->first->next;
            condition_unlock(&pool->ready);
            task->run(task->arg);
            //销毁执行完的任务
            free(task);
        }
        //判断是是否需要退出该线程（强制退去）
        if(pool->quit && pool->first==NULL)
        {
            pool->counter--;
            if(pool->counter == 0)
                condition_signal(&pool->ready);

            condition_unlock(&pool->ready);
            break;
        }
        //判断是是否需要退出该线程（无任务）
        if(timeout && pool->first)
        {
            pool->counter--;
            if(pool->counter == 0)
                condition_signal(&pool->ready);

            condition_unlock(&pool->ready);
            break;
        }

        pool->idle--;
        condition_unlock(&pool->ready);
    }

    printf("thread 0x%x is ending\n", (int)pthread_self());
    return NULL;
}

//线程池初始化
void thread_pool_init(thr_pool *pool, int threads)
{
    condition_init(&pool->ready);

    pool->first = NULL;
    pool->tail = NULL;

    pool->counter = 0;
    pool->idle = 0;
    pool->max_threads = threads;
    pool->quit = 0;
}

//线程池添加任务函数
int thread_pool_add_task(thr_pool *pool, void *(*run(void *arg)), void *arg)
{
    thr_task *tmp = (thr_task *) malloc(sizeof(thr_task));
    if(tmp == NULL)
    {
        printf("malloc thr_task failed %d\n", errno);
        exit(1);
    }
    tmp->arg = arg;
    tmp->next = NULL;
    tmp->run = run;

    condition_lock(&pool->ready);
    if(pool->first == NULL)
    {
        pool->first = tmp;
        pool->tail = tmp;
    }
    else
    {
        pool->tail->next = tmp;
        pool->tail = tmp;
    }

    //如果有等待线程则发送条件满足信号否则就向线程池中添加线程
    if(pool->idle > 0)
    {
        condition_signal(&pool->ready);
    }
    else if(pool->counter < pool->max_threads)
    {
        pthread_t pthr_id;
        int err;
        err = pthread_create(&pthr_id, NULL, thread_routine, pool);
        if(err != 0)
        {
            printf("pthread_create fialed %d\n", err);
            return -1;
        }
        pool->counter++;
    }
    condition_unlock(&pool->ready);
    return 0;
}

//线程池销毁函数
void thread_pool_destroy(thr_pool *pool)
{
    if(pool->quit)
        return;
    condition_lock(&pool->ready);
    pool->quit = 1;
    if(pool->counter > 0)
    {
        if(pool->idle > 0)
            condition_broadcast(&pool->ready);
        while(pool->counter > 0)
        {
            condition_wait(&pool->ready);
        }
    }
    condition_unlock(&pool->ready);
}

#endif /* THREAD_POOL_H_ */

测试文件：

/*
 * thread_pool_test.c
 *
 *  Created on: 2016年4月11日
 *      Author: wenjun
 */


#include "Thread_pool.h"
#include <unistd.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>

void* pool_task_test(void *arg)
{
    printf("thread 0x%x is working on task %d\n", (int)pthread_self(), *(int *)arg);
    free(arg);
    sleep(1);
    return NULL;
}

int main(void)
{
    thr_pool pool;
    thread_pool_init(&pool, 4);
    int i;
    for(i = 0; i<20 ;++i)
    {
        int *arg = (int *)malloc(sizeof(int));
        if(arg ==NULL)
        {
            printf("malloc thr_task failed %d\n", errno);
            exit(1);
        }
        *arg = i;
        thread_pool_add_task(&pool, pool_task_test, arg);
    }
    sleep(3);
    thread_pool_destroy(&pool);
    return 0;
}

结果：