web服务器安装与基本操作（apache)

最新推荐文章于 2025-03-21 14:10:22 发布

w23939296

最新推荐文章于 2025-03-21 14:10:22 发布

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文章标签：服务器 linux 运维

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/w975121565/article/details/126632113

版权

序号

主机

名称

系统

备注

192.168.3.81

192.168.8.81

stu1

stua

rockylinux8.6

最小化安装，关闭selinux

192.168.3.82

192.168.8.82

stu2

stub

rockylinux8.6

最小化安装，关闭selinux

1、安装

dnf install -y httpd vim net-tools bash-completion
echo 'my first website'  > /var/www/html/index.html
systemctl enable  --now httpd
netstat -anplut| grep httpd
firewall-cmd --permanent --add-service=http
firewall-cmd --reload

bash-completion命令补全，需重新登陆

2、基于域名的虚拟主机

虚拟主机模板目录 /usr/share/doc/httpd/httpd-vhosts.conf

192.168.3.81:

mkdir /var/www/web1
mkdir /var/www/web2
echo 'my web1' > /var/www/web1/index.html
echo 'my web2' > /var/www/web2/index.html



vim /etc/httpd/conf.d/web.conf

<VirtualHost *:80>
    ServerAdmin web1@example.com
    DocumentRoot "/var/www/web1"
    ServerName www.web1.com
    ServerAlias web1.com
    ErrorLog "/var/log/httpd/web1.com-error_log"
    CustomLog "/var/log/httpd/web1.com-access_log" common
</VirtualHost>

<VirtualHost *:80>
    ServerAdmin web2@example.com
    DocumentRoot "/var/www/web2"
    ServerName www.web2.com
    ServerAlias web2.com
    ErrorLog "/var/log/httpd/web2.com-error_log"
    CustomLog "/var/log/httpd/web2.com-access_log" common
</VirtualHost>


<VirtualHost *:80>
    ServerAdmin web@example.com
    DocumentRoot "/var/www/html"
    ServerName www.web.com
    ServerAlias web.com
    ErrorLog "/var/log/httpd/web.com-error_log"
    CustomLog "/var/log/httpd/web.com-access_log" common
</VirtualHost>


systemctl restart httpd

192.168.3.82:

vi /etc/hosts
192.168.3.81  stu1 www.web1.com  www.web2.com www.web.com

3、基于IP的虚拟主机

192.168.3.81

vim /etc/httpd/conf.d/web.conf

<VirtualHost 192.168.3.81:80>
    ServerAdmin web1@example.com
    DocumentRoot "/var/www/web1"
    ServerName www.web1.com
    ServerAlias web1.com
    ErrorLog "/var/log/httpd/web1.com-error_log"
    CustomLog "/var/log/httpd/web1.com-access_log" common
</VirtualHost>

<VirtualHost 192.168.8.81:80>
    ServerAdmin web2@example.com
    DocumentRoot "/var/www/web2"
    ServerName www.web2.com
    ServerAlias web2.com
    ErrorLog "/var/log/httpd/web2.com-error_log"
    CustomLog "/var/log/httpd/web2.com-access_log" common
</VirtualHost>


systemctl restart httpd

192.168.3.82:

4、基于端口的虚拟主机

192.168.3.81：

firewall-cmd --permanent --add-port=88/tcp
firewall-cmd --permanent --add-port=81/tcp
firewall-cmd --reload


vim /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf  (增加）
Listen 88
Listen 81

vim /etc/httpd/conf.d/web.conf
<VirtualHost *:81>
    ServerAdmin web@example.com
    DocumentRoot "/var/www/web1"
    ServerName www.web.com
    ServerAlias web.com
    ErrorLog "/var/log/httpd/web1.com-error_log"
    CustomLog "/var/log/httpd/web1.com-access_log" common
</VirtualHost>

<VirtualHost *:88>
    ServerAdmin web@example.com
    DocumentRoot "/var/www/web2"
    ServerName www.web.com
    ServerAlias web.com
    ErrorLog "/var/log/httpd/web2.com-error_log"
    CustomLog "/var/log/httpd/web2.com-access_log" common
</VirtualHost>

<VirtualHost *:80>
    ServerAdmin web@example.com
    DocumentRoot "/var/www/html"
    ServerName www.web.com
    ServerAlias web.com
    ErrorLog "/var/log/httpd/web.com-error_log"
    CustomLog "/var/log/httpd/web.com-access_log" common
</VirtualHost>

5、拒绝访问

192.168.3.81：

vim /etc/httpd/conf.d/web.conf
<VirtualHost *:80>
    ServerAdmin web1@example.com
    DocumentRoot "/var/www/web1"
    ServerName www.web1.com
    ServerAlias web1.com
    ErrorLog "/var/log/httpd/web1.com-error_log"
    CustomLog "/var/log/httpd/web1.com-access_log" common

<Directory "/var/www/web1">
    order allow,deny
    allow from all
    deny from 192.168.3
</Directory>

</VirtualHost>

<VirtualHost *:80>
    ServerAdmin web2@example.com
    DocumentRoot "/var/www/web2"
    ServerName www.web2.com
    ServerAlias web2.com
    ErrorLog "/var/log/httpd/web2.com-error_log"
    CustomLog "/var/log/httpd/web2.com-access_log" common

<Directory "/var/www/web2">
    order deny,allow
    allow from all
    deny from 192.168.3.82
</Directory>

</VirtualHost>


<VirtualHost *:80>
    ServerAdmin web@example.com
    DocumentRoot "/var/www/html"
    ServerName www.web.com
    ServerAlias web.com
    ErrorLog "/var/log/httpd/web.com-error_log"
    CustomLog "/var/log/httpd/web.com-access_log" common

<Directory "/var/www/html">
    order allow,deny
    deny from 192.168.3.82
    allow from all
</Directory>

</VirtualHost>

systemctl restart httpd

192.168.3.82：

注：网段为192.168.3

Order deny,allow
allow from all
deny from 192.168.3.82
#全部都可以访问
-------------------------------
Order allow,deny
deny from 192.168.3.82
allow from all
#只有192.168.3.82不能访问
-------------------------------
Order allow,deny
allow from all
deny from 192.168.3.82
#只有192.168.3.82不能访问
-------------------------------
Order allow,deny
deny from all
allow from 192.168.3
#全部都不能访问
-------------------------------
Order allow,deny
allow from 192.168.3
deny from all
#全部都不能访问
-------------------------------

6、用户名密码访问网站

192.168.3.81

<VirtualHost *:80>
    ServerAdmin web@example.com
    DocumentRoot "/var/www/html"
    ServerName 192.168.3.81
    ServerAlias web.com
    ErrorLog "/var/log/httpd/web.com-error_log"
    CustomLog "/var/log/httpd/web.com-access_log" common

<Directory "/var/www/html">
    AllowOverride None
    authtype basic
    authname "my website"
    authuserfile /etc/httpd/conf/passwd.secret
    require valid-user
</Directory>

</VirtualHost>

htpasswd -cm /etc/httpd/conf/passwd.secret web

systemctl restart httpd

windows系统访问

http://192.168.3.81