#1.下面的语句是否可以执行成功
SELECT last_name , job_id , salary AS sal
FROM employees;
答:成功
#2.下面的语句是否可以执行成功
SELECT * FROM employees;
答:成功
#3.找出下面语句中的错误
SELECT employee_id , last_name,
salary * 12 AS ANNUAL SALARY
FROM employees;
答:在起别名的时候如果别名有空格,需要把别名用分号包起来,否则会报错。
"ANNUAL SALARY" 这样就不会报错了
#4.显示表departments的结构,并查询其中的全部数据
DESC departments; #显示表结构
SELECT * FROM `departments`;
#5.显示出表employees中的全部job_id(不能重复)
SELECT DISTINCT job_id FROM employees;
#6.显示出表employees的全部列,各个列之间用逗号连接,列头显示成OUT_PUT
SELECT
CONCAT(`first_name`,',',`last_name`,',',`job_id`,',',IFNULL(commission_pct,0)) AS out_put
FROM
employees;
二. 条件查询练习
#一、按条件表达式筛选
#案例1:查询工资>12000的员工信息
SELECT
*
FROM
employees
WHERE
salary>12000;
#案例2:查询部门编号不等于90号的员工名和部门编号
SELECT
last_name,
department_id
FROM
employees
WHERE
department_id<>90;
#二、按逻辑表达式筛选
#案例1:查询工资在10000到20000之间的员工名、工资
SELECT
last_name,
salary
FROM
employees
WHERE
salary>=10000 AND salary<=20000;
#案例2:查询部门编号不是在90到110之间,或者工资高于15000的员工信息
SELECT
*
FROM
employees
WHERE
NOT(department_id>=90 AND department_id<=110) OR salary>15000;
#三、模糊查询
1.LIKE
#案例1:查询员工名中包含字符a的员工信息
select
*
from
employees
where
last_name like '%a%';
#案例2:查询员工名中第三个字符为e,第五个字符为a的员工名和工资
select
last_name,
salary
FROM
employees
WHERE
last_name LIKE '__e_a%';
#【特殊案例3】:查询员工名中第二个字符为_的员工名
SELECT
last_name
FROM
employees
WHERE
last_name LIKE '_$_%' ESCAPE '$';
#这个$符号是转义符号,在ESCAPE后面输入什么,什么就是转义符号。
2.BETWEEN AND
#案例1:查询员工编号在100到120之间的员工信息
SELECT
*
FROM
employees
WHERE
employee_id BETWEEN 120 AND 100;
#3.IN
#案例:查询员工的工种编号是 IT_PROG、AD_VP、AD_PRES中的一个员工名和工种编号
SELECT
last_name,
job_id
FROM
employees
WHERE
job_id IN( 'IT_PROT' ,'AD_VP','AD_PRES');
#4、IS NULL
#案例1:查询没有奖金的员工名和奖金率
SELECT
last_name,
commission_pct
FROM
employees
WHERE
commission_pct IS NULL;
#案例2:查询有奖金的员工名和奖金率
SELECT
last_name,
commission_pct
FROM
employees
WHERE
commission_pct IS NOT NULL;
三. 排序查询练习
#1.查询员工的姓名和部门号和年薪,按年薪降序 按姓名升序
SELECT last_name,department_id,salary*12*(1+IFNULL(commission_pct,0)) 年薪
FROM employees
ORDER BY 年薪 DESC,last_name ASC;
#2.选择工资不在8000到17000的员工的姓名和工资,按工资降序
SELECT last_name,salary
FROM employees
WHERE salary NOT BETWEEN 8000 AND 17000
ORDER BY salary DESC;
#3.查询邮箱中包含e的员工信息,并先按邮箱的字节数降序,再按部门号升序
SELECT *,LENGTH(email)
FROM employees
WHERE email LIKE '%e%'
ORDER BY LENGTH(email) DESC,department_id ASC;