在运行《UNIX环境高级编程》中的程序时会遇到apue.h包头找不到的情况,这是作者为了方便程序书写封闭了一些功能函数和错误处理等。在http://www.apuebook.com中可以下载到书的所有的实例代码,解压后为apue.2e。
我们把apue.2e中的两个文件拷贝到/usr/include中就行了:
(1) apue.h:apue.2e/include/apue.h,我们需要在#endif前面加上#include "error.c"
- /* Our own header, to be included before all standard system headers */
- #ifndef _APUE_H
- #define _APUE_H
- #if defined(SOLARIS)
- #define _XOPEN_SOURCE 500 /* Single UNIX Specification, Version 2 for Solaris 9 */
- #define CMSG_LEN(x) _CMSG_DATA_ALIGN(sizeof(struct cmsghdr)+(x))
- #elif !defined(BSD)
- #define _XOPEN_SOURCE 600 /* Single UNIX Specification, Version 3 */
- #endif
- #include <sys/types.h> /* some systems still require this */
- #include <sys/stat.h>
- #include <sys/termios.h> /* for winsize */
- #ifndef TIOCGWINSZ
- #include <sys/ioctl.h>
- #endif
- #include <stdio.h> /* for convenience */
- #include <stdlib.h> /* for convenience */
- #include <stddef.h> /* for offsetof */
- #include <string.h> /* for convenience */
- #include <unistd.h> /* for convenience */
- #include <signal.h> /* for SIG_ERR */
- #define MAXLINE 4096 /* max line length */
- /*
- * Default file access permissions for new files.
- */
- #define FILE_MODE (S_IRUSR | S_IWUSR | S_IRGRP | S_IROTH)
- /*
- * Default permissions for new directories.
- */
- #define DIR_MODE (FILE_MODE | S_IXUSR | S_IXGRP | S_IXOTH)
- typedef void Sigfunc(int); /* for signal handlers */
- #if defined(SIG_IGN) && !defined(SIG_ERR)
- #define SIG_ERR ((Sigfunc *)-1)
- #endif
- #define min(a,b) ((a) < (b) ? (a) : (b))
- #define max(a,b) ((a) > (b) ? (a) : (b))
- /*
- * Prototypes for our own functions.
- */
- char *path_alloc(int *); /* {Prog pathalloc} */
- long open_max(void); /* {Prog openmax} */
- void clr_fl(int, int); /* {Prog setfl} */
- void set_fl(int, int); /* {Prog setfl} */
- void pr_exit(int); /* {Prog prexit} */
- void pr_mask(const char *); /* {Prog prmask} */
- Sigfunc *signal_intr(int, Sigfunc *); /* {Prog signal_intr_function} */
- int tty_cbreak(int); /* {Prog raw} */
- int tty_raw(int); /* {Prog raw} */
- int tty_reset(int); /* {Prog raw} */
- void tty_atexit(void); /* {Prog raw} */
- #ifdef ECHO /* only if <termios.h> has been included */
- struct termios *tty_termios(void); /* {Prog raw} */
- #endif
- void sleep_us(unsigned int); /* {Ex sleepus} */
- ssize_t readn(int, void *, size_t); /* {Prog readn_writen} */
- ssize_t writen(int, const void *, size_t); /* {Prog readn_writen} */
- void daemonize(const char *); /* {Prog daemoninit} */
- int s_pipe(int *); /* {Progs streams_spipe sock_spipe} */
- int recv_fd(int, ssize_t (*func)(int,
- const void *, size_t));/* {Progs recvfd_streams recvfd_sockets} */
- int send_fd(int, int); /* {Progs sendfd_streams sendfd_sockets} */
- int send_err(int, int,
- const char *); /* {Prog senderr} */
- int serv_listen(const char *); /* {Progs servlisten_streams servlisten_sockets} */
- int serv_accept(int, uid_t *); /* {Progs servaccept_streams servaccept_sockets} */
- int cli_conn(const char *); /* {Progs cliconn_streams cliconn_sockets} */
- int buf_args(char *, int (*func)(int,
- char **)); /* {Prog bufargs} */
- int ptym_open(char *, int); /* {Progs3 ptyopen_streams ptyopen_bsd ptyopen_linux} */
- int ptys_open(char *); /* {Progs3 ptyopen_streams ptyopen_bsd ptyopen_linux} */
- #ifdef TIOCGWINSZ
- pid_t pty_fork(int *, char *, int, const struct termios *,
- const struct winsize *); /* {Prog ptyfork} */
- #endif
- int lock_reg(int, int, int, off_t, int, off_t); /* {Prog lockreg} */
- #define read_lock(fd, offset, whence, len) \
- lock_reg((fd), F_SETLK, F_RDLCK, (offset), (whence), (len))
- #define readw_lock(fd, offset, whence, len) \
- lock_reg((fd), F_SETLKW, F_RDLCK, (offset), (whence), (len))
- #define write_lock(fd, offset, whence, len) \
- lock_reg((fd), F_SETLK, F_WRLCK, (offset), (whence), (len))
- #define writew_lock(fd, offset, whence, len) \
- lock_reg((fd), F_SETLKW, F_WRLCK, (offset), (whence), (len))
- #define un_lock(fd, offset, whence, len) \
- lock_reg((fd), F_SETLK, F_UNLCK, (offset), (whence), (len))
- pid_t lock_test(int, int, off_t, int, off_t); /* {Prog locktest} */
- #define is_read_lockable(fd, offset, whence, len) \
- (lock_test((fd), F_RDLCK, (offset), (whence), (len)) == 0)
- #define is_write_lockable(fd, offset, whence, len) \
- (lock_test((fd), F_WRLCK, (offset), (whence), (len)) == 0)
- void err_dump(const char *, ...); /* {App misc_source} */
- void err_msg(const char *, ...);
- void err_quit(const char *, ...);
- void err_exit(int, const char *, ...);
- void err_ret(const char *, ...);
- void err_sys(const char *, ...);
- void log_msg(const char *, ...); /* {App misc_source} */
- void log_open(const char *, int, int);
- void log_quit(const char *, ...);
- void log_ret(const char *, ...);
- void log_sys(const char *, ...);
- void TELL_WAIT(void); /* parent/child from {Sec race_conditions} */
- void TELL_PARENT(pid_t);
- void TELL_CHILD(pid_t);
- void WAIT_PARENT(void);
- void WAIT_CHILD(void);
- #include "error.c"
- #endif /* _APUE_H */
(2) error.c:apue.2e/lib/error.c
- #include "apue.h"
- #include <errno.h> /* for definition of errno */
- #include <stdarg.h> /* ISO C variable aruments */
- static void err_doit(int, int, const char *, va_list);
- /*
- * Nonfatal error related to a system call.
- * Print a message and return.
- */
- void
- err_ret(const char *fmt, ...)
- {
- va_list ap;
- va_start(ap, fmt);
- err_doit(1, errno, fmt, ap);
- va_end(ap);
- }
- /*
- * Fatal error related to a system call.
- * Print a message and terminate.
- */
- void
- err_sys(const char *fmt, ...)
- {
- va_list ap;
- va_start(ap, fmt);
- err_doit(1, errno, fmt, ap);
- va_end(ap);
- exit(1);
- }
- /*
- * Fatal error unrelated to a system call.
- * Error code passed as explict parameter.
- * Print a message and terminate.
- */
- void
- err_exit(int error, const char *fmt, ...)
- {
- va_list ap;
- va_start(ap, fmt);
- err_doit(1, error, fmt, ap);
- va_end(ap);
- exit(1);
- }
- /*
- * Fatal error related to a system call.
- * Print a message, dump core, and terminate.
- */
- void
- err_dump(const char *fmt, ...)
- {
- va_list ap;
- va_start(ap, fmt);
- err_doit(1, errno, fmt, ap);
- va_end(ap);
- abort(); /* dump core and terminate */
- exit(1); /* shouldn't get here */
- }
- /*
- * Nonfatal error unrelated to a system call.
- * Print a message and return.
- */
- void
- err_msg(const char *fmt, ...)
- {
- va_list ap;
- va_start(ap, fmt);
- err_doit(0, 0, fmt, ap);
- va_end(ap);
- }
- /*
- * Fatal error unrelated to a system call.
- * Print a message and terminate.
- */
- void
- err_quit(const char *fmt, ...)
- {
- va_list ap;
- va_start(ap, fmt);
- err_doit(0, 0, fmt, ap);
- va_end(ap);
- exit(1);
- }
- /*
- * Print a message and return to caller.
- * Caller specifies "errnoflag".
- */
- static void
- err_doit(int errnoflag, int error, const char *fmt, va_list ap)
- {
- char buf[MAXLINE];
- vsnprintf(buf, MAXLINE, fmt, ap);
- if (errnoflag)
- snprintf(buf+strlen(buf), MAXLINE-strlen(buf), ": %s",
- strerror(error));
- strcat(buf, "\n");
- fflush(stdout); /* in case stdout and stderr are the same */
- fputs(buf, stderr);
- fflush(NULL); /* flushes all stdio output streams */
- }
至此,环境搭配完成,我们就能放心地运行apue中的实例啦!