c++ template 的traits技术

本技术相对来说比较难理解，这种技术，是在stl源码中使用到的，

给我感觉的作用就是对类的解耦。

因为，工作中用到这种技术相对来说，比较少，所以，我目前还不是非常理解，下面是我敲书上的例子。

首先上一段代码

#ifndef BEARCORNER_H
#define BEARCORNER_H

#include <iostream>
using std::ostream;
class Milk
{
public:
	friend ostream& operator<<(ostream& os,const Milk&)
	{
		return os<<"Milk";
	}
};
class CondensedMilk
{
public:
	friend ostream& operator<<(ostream& os,const CondensedMilk&)
	{
		return os<<"Milk";
	}
};
class Honey
{
public:
	friend ostream& 
		operator <<(ostream& os,const Honey&)
	{
		return os<<"Honey";
	}
};

class Cookies {
	friend ostream& 
		operator <<(ostream& os,const Cookies&)
	{
		return os<<"Cookies";
	}
};
class Bear {
	friend ostream& 
		operator <<(ostream& os,const Bear&)
	{
		return os<<"Theodore";
	}
};

class Boy {
	friend ostream& 
		operator <<(ostream& os,const Boy&)
	{
		return os<<"Patrick";
	}

};

template<class Guest> class GuestTraits;
template<> class GuestTraits<Bear>
{
public:
	typedef CondensedMilk beverage_type;
	 typedef Honey snack_type;
};
template<> class GuestTraits<Boy>
{
	public:
		typedef Milk beverage_type;
		typedef Cookies snack_type;
};
#endif

// BearCorner.cpp : 定义控制台应用程序的入口点。
//

#include "stdafx.h"
#include "BearCorner.h"
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;

class MixedUpTraits
{
public:
	typedef Milk beverage_type;
	typedef Honey snack_type;

};
template<class Guest,class traits= GuestTraits<Guest> >
class BearCorner{
	Guest theGuest;
	typedef typename traits::beverage_type beverage_type;
	typedef typename traits::snack_type snack_type;

	beverage_type bev;
	snack_type snack;
public:
	BearCorner(const Guest& g):theGuest(g){

	}
	void entertain(){
		cout<< "Entertaining "<<theGuest<<"  serving "
			<<bev <<" and   "<<snack <<endl;
	}
};

int _tmain(int argc, _TCHAR* argv[])
{
	Boy cr;
	BearCorner<Boy> pc1(cr);
	pc1.entertain();

	Bear pb;
	BearCorner<Bear> pc2(pb);
	pc2.entertain();

	BearCorner<Bear,MixedUpTraits> pc3(pb);
	pc3.entertain();
	return 0;
}

</pre><pre name="code" class="cpp">

</pre></p><p></p><p>其中 typename 中就是告诉这个东西是一个类型。否则是编译不过去的。编译器不知道那个是什么</p><p></p><p>从类中可以看出，用户类和食品中，通一个特化魔板，也就是提供的的traites层。</p><p>当然类中也提供了一个简单的复合特征类需求的类来代替他。</p><p></p><p>结果入输出如下：</p><p><img src="https://img-blog.csdn.net/20151128011110488?watermark/2/text/aHR0cDovL2Jsb2cuY3Nkbi5uZXQv/font/5a6L5L2T/fontsize/400/fill/I0JBQkFCMA==/dissolve/70/gravity/Center" alt="" /></p><p></p><p></p><p><span style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: 'Source Code Pro', monospace; font-size: 14px; line-height: 20.3px; white-space: pre; background-color: rgba(128, 128, 128, 0.0470588);">更多文章，欢迎访问http:</span><span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 'Source Code Pro', monospace; font-size: 14px; line-height: 20.3px; white-space: pre; background-color: rgba(128, 128, 128, 0.0470588);">//blog.csdn.net/wallwind</span><span style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: 'Source Code Pro', monospace; font-size: 14px; line-height: 20.3px; white-space: pre; background-color: rgba(128, 128, 128, 0.0470588);">我的代码目录：http:</span><span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 'Source Code Pro', monospace; font-size: 14px; line-height: 20.3px; white-space: pre; background-color: rgba(128, 128, 128, 0.0470588);">//code.taobao.org/u/wallwind/mypro/</span></p><p></p><div style="top: 649px;"><pre name="code" class="cpp">// BearCorner.cpp : 定义控制台

</pre><pre name="code" class="cpp">