网络编程
1.1 概述
信件:
计算机网络:
计算机网络是指将地理位置不同的具有独立功能的多台计算机及其外部设备,通过通信线路连接起来,在网络操作系统,网络管理软件及网络通信协议的管理和协调下,实现资源共享和信息传递的计算机系统。
网络编程的目的:
- 传播交流信息,数据交换。通信
想要达到这个效果需要什么:
-
如何准确地定位网络上的一台主机 端口,定位到这个计算机上的某个资源
-
找到了这个主机,如何传输数据呢?
网络编程:TCP/IP C/S
1.2 网络通信的要素
如何实现网络的通信?
通信双方的地址:
- ip
- 端口号
规则:网络通信的协议
TCP/IP参考模型:
小结:
1.网络编程中有两个主要的问题
-
如何准确地定位到网络上的一台或多台主机
-
找到主机之后如何进行通信
2.网络编程中的要素
- ip 和端口号
- 网络通信协议
3.万物皆对象
1.3 IP
ip地址:InetAddress
-
唯一定位一台网络上的计算机
-
127.0.0.1 :本机local host
-
IP地址的分类
-
ipv4 / ipv6
- IPV4 127.0.0.1 4个字节组成。 共42亿
- IPV6 128位 8个无符号整数!
-
公网(互联网)-私网(局域网)
- ABCD类地址
- 192.168.xx.xx , 专门给组织内部用的
-
-
域名:记忆IP问题
- IP:www.baidu.com
package com.net;
import java.net.InetAddress;
import java.net.UnknownHostException;
//测试ip
public class TestInetAddress {
public static void main(String[] args) {
try {
//查询本机地址
InetAddress inetAddress1 = InetAddress.getByName("127.0.0.1");
System.out.println(inetAddress1);
InetAddress inetAddress3 = InetAddress.getByName("localhost");
System.out.println(inetAddress3);
InetAddress inetAddress4 = InetAddress.getLocalHost();
System.out.println(inetAddress4);
//查询网站ip地址
InetAddress inetAddress2 = InetAddress.getByName("www.baidu.com");
System.out.println(inetAddress2);
//常用方法
//System.out.println(inetAddress2.getAddress());
System.out.println(inetAddress2.getCanonicalHostName());//规范的名字
System.out.println(inetAddress2.getHostAddress());//ip
System.out.println(inetAddress2.getHostName());//域名,或者自己电脑的名字
} catch (UnknownHostException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
1.4 端口
端口表示计算机上一个程序的进程
-
不同的进程有不同的端口号!用来区分软件!
-
被规定0~65535
-
TCP/UDP: 65535*2 协议不同不冲突 单个协议下,端口号不能冲突
-
端口分类
-
公有端口 0~1023
- HTTP:80
- HTTPS:443
- FTP:21
- Telent:23
-
程序注册端口:1024-49151,分配用户或者程序
- Tomcat:8080
- MySQL:3306
- Oracle:1521
-
动态,私有:49152-65535
-
netstat -ano #查看所有的端口
netsata -ano|finder "5900" #查看指定的端口
tasklist|finder "8696" #查看指定端口的进程
Ctrl + Shife + ESC #任务管理器
package com.net;
import java.net.InetSocketAddress;
public class TestInetSocketAddress {
public static void main(String[] args) {
InetSocketAddress socketAddress = new InetSocketAddress("127.0.0.1",8080);
System.out.println(socketAddress);
System.out.println(socketAddress.getAddress());
System.out.println(socketAddress.getHostName());//hosts
System.out.println(socketAddress.getPort());//port
}
}
1.5 通信协议
协议:约定
网络通信协议:速率,传输码率,代码结构,传输控制…
分层!
TCP/IP协议簇:实际上是一组协议
重要:
-
TCP:用户传输协议
-
UDP:用户数据报协议
-
IP:网络互连协议
TCP UDP 对比
TCP:打电话
-
连接,稳定
-
三次握手,四次挥手
A:你瞅啥? B:瞅你咋地? A:打一架 A:我要走了 B:你真的要走了吗 B:你真的真的要走了吗 A:BYE
三次握手:
四次挥手:
-
客户端,服务端
-
传输完成,释放连接,效率低
UDP:发短信
- 不连接,不稳定
- 客户端,服务端,没有明确的界限
- 不管有没有准备好,都可以发给你
1.6 TCP
客户端:
- 连接服务器Socket
- 发送消息
package com.net;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.OutputStream;
import java.net.InetAddress;
import java.net.Socket;
import java.net.UnknownHostException;
//客户端
public class TcpClientDemo01 {
public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
Socket socket = null;
OutputStream os = null;
try {
//1.要知道服务器的地址
InetAddress serverIP = InetAddress.getByName("127.0.0.1");
int port =9999;
//2.创建一个socket链接
socket = new Socket(serverIP,port);
//3.发送消息IO流
os = socket.getOutputStream();
os.write("hello fuck java".getBytes());
} catch (UnknownHostException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}finally {
if(os!=null){
os.close();
}
if(socket!=null){
socket.close();
}
}
}
}
服务端:
- 建立服务的端口 ServerSocket
- 等待用户的消息 accept
- 接受用户的消息
package com.net;
import java.io.ByteArrayOutputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.net.ServerSocket;
import java.net.Socket;
//服务端
public class TcpServerDemo01 {
public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
ServerSocket serverSocket = null;
Socket socket=null;
InputStream is = null;
ByteArrayOutputStream byteArrayOutputStream = null;
//1.搞一个地址
try {
serverSocket = new ServerSocket(9999);
//2.等待客户端连接过来
socket= serverSocket.accept();
//3.读取客户端的消息
is = socket.getInputStream();
/*
byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
int len;
while((len=is.read(buffer))!=-1){
String msg = new String(buffer,0,len);
System.out.println(msg);
}
该方法会乱码
*/
//管道流
byteArrayOutputStream = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
int len;
while((len=is.read(buffer))!=-1){
byteArrayOutputStream.write(buffer,0,len);
}
System.out.println(byteArrayOutputStream.toString());
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}finally {
//关闭资源
if(byteArrayOutputStream!=null)
byteArrayOutputStream.close();
if(is!=null)
is.close();
if(socket!=null)
socket.close();
if(serverSocket!=null)
serverSocket.close();
}
}
}
文件上传
Server:
package Socket.demo03;
import java.io.*;
import java.net.ServerSocket;
import java.net.Socket;
public class FileServer {
public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
System.out.println("---------file server------------");
//1.创建服务
ServerSocket serverSocket = new ServerSocket(9000);
//2.监听客户端的连接
Socket socket = serverSocket.accept();//阻塞式监听,会一直等待客户端连接
//3.获取输出流
InputStream is = socket.getInputStream();
//4.文件输出
FileOutputStream fos = new FileOutputStream(new File("girl2.png"));
byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
int len;
while((len=is.read(buffer))!=-1){
fos.write(buffer,0,len);
}
//通知客户端
OutputStream os = socket.getOutputStream();
os.write("接收完毕,可以断开..".getBytes());
fos.close();
is.close();
socket.close();
serverSocket.close();
}
}
Client:
package Socket.demo03;
import java.io.*;
import java.net.InetAddress;
import java.net.Socket;
public class FileClient {
public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
System.out.println("---------file client------------");
// 1.创建socket连接//ctr + alt +v
Socket socket = new Socket(InetAddress.getByName("127.0.0.1"), 9000);
// 2.创建一个输出流
OutputStream os = socket.getOutputStream();
//3.读取文件
FileInputStream fis = new FileInputStream(new File("girl.png"));
//4.写文件
byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
int len;
while((len=fis.read(buffer))!=-1){
os.write(buffer,0,len);
}
//通知服务器传输完毕
socket.shutdownOutput();
//确定服务器接收完毕,才能断开
InputStream is = socket.getInputStream();
ByteArrayOutputStream baos = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
byte[] buf = new byte[1024];
int len2;
while((len2=is.read(buf))!=-1){
baos.write(buf,0,len2);
System.out.println(baos.toString());
}
is.close();
baos.close();
fis.close();
os.close();
socket.close();
}
}
1.7 UDP
发短信:不用连接,需要知道对方地址
UDP消息发送
发送端:
package Socket.demo04;
import java.net.*;
public class udpClient {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
//1.建立一个Socket
DatagramSocket socket = new DatagramSocket();
//2.建个包
String msg ="你好服务器";
//发送给谁
InetAddress ip = InetAddress.getByName("localhost");
int port = 9090;
//数据,数据的长度起始,发送给谁
DatagramPacket packet = new DatagramPacket(msg.getBytes(), 0, msg.getBytes().length, ip, port);
//3.发送给谁
socket.send(packet);
//4.关闭流
socket.close();
}
}
接收端:
package Socket.demo04;
import java.net.DatagramPacket;
import java.net.DatagramSocket;
//还是要等待客户端的连接
public class udpServer {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
//开放端口
DatagramSocket socket = new DatagramSocket(9090);
//接收数据包
byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
DatagramPacket packet = new DatagramPacket(buffer, 0, buffer.length);
socket.receive(packet);//阻塞接受
System.out.println(packet.getAddress().getHostAddress());
System.out.println(new String(packet.getData(),0,packet.getLength()));
socket.close();//关闭连接
}
}
UDP循环发送消息
Sender:
package com.net;
import javax.xml.crypto.Data;
import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.InputStreamReader;
import java.net.DatagramPacket;
import java.net.DatagramSocket;
import java.net.InetSocketAddress;
public class UdpSenderDemo01 {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception{
DatagramSocket socket = new DatagramSocket(8888);
//准备数据,控制台读取System in
BufferedReader reader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(System.in));
while(true){
String data = reader.readLine();
byte[] datas = data.getBytes();
DatagramPacket packet = new DatagramPacket(datas,0,datas.length,new InetSocketAddress("localhost",6666));
socket.send(packet);
if(data.equals("bye")){
break;
}
}
socket.close();
}
}
Receiver:
package com.net;
import java.net.DatagramPacket;
import java.net.DatagramSocket;
import java.net.SocketException;
public class UdpReceiverDemo01 {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
DatagramSocket socket = new DatagramSocket(6666);
while(true){
//准备接受包裹
byte[] container = new byte[1024];
DatagramPacket packet = new DatagramPacket(container,0,container.length);
socket.receive(packet);
//断开连接 bye
byte[] data = packet.getData();
String receiveData = new String(data,0,data.length);
System.out.println(receiveData);
if(receiveData.equals("bye")){
break;
}
}
socket.close();
}
}
UDP循环发送+多线程
在线咨询:两个人都是发送方,也都可以是接收方
TalkSend发送数据线程
package com.net;
import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStreamReader;
import java.net.DatagramPacket;
import java.net.DatagramSocket;
import java.net.InetSocketAddress;
import java.net.SocketException;
public class TalkSend implements Runnable{
DatagramSocket socket = null;
BufferedReader reader = null;
private int fromPort;
private String toIP;
private int toPort;
public TalkSend(int fromPort, String toIP, int toPort) {
this.fromPort = fromPort;
this.toIP = toIP;
this.toPort = toPort;
try {
socket = new DatagramSocket(fromPort);
reader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(System.in));
} catch (SocketException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
@Override
public void run() {
//准备数据,控制台读取System in
while(true){
String data = null;
try {
data = reader.readLine();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
byte[] datas = data.getBytes();
DatagramPacket packet = new DatagramPacket(datas,0,datas.length,new InetSocketAddress(this.toIP,this.toPort));
try {
socket.send(packet);
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
if(data.equals("bye")){
break;
}
}
socket.close();
}
}
TalkReceive接收数据线程
package com.net;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.net.DatagramPacket;
import java.net.DatagramSocket;
import java.net.SocketException;
public class TalkReceive implements Runnable {
DatagramSocket socket = null;
private int port;
private String msgFrom;
public TalkReceive(int port,String msgFrom) {
this.port = port;
this.msgFrom= msgFrom;
try {
socket = new DatagramSocket(port);
} catch (SocketException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
@Override
public void run() {
while(true){
//准备接受包裹
byte[] container = new byte[1024];
DatagramPacket packet = new DatagramPacket(container,0,container.length);
try {
socket.receive(packet);
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
//断开连接 bye
byte[] data = packet.getData();
String receiveData = new String(data,0,data.length);
System.out.println(msgFrom+":"+receiveData);
if(receiveData.equals("bye")){
break;
}
}
socket.close();
}
}
老师端
package com.net;
public class TalkTeacher {
public static void main(String[] args) {
//开启两个线程
new Thread(new TalkSend(5555,"localhost",8888)).start();
new Thread(new TalkReceive(9999,"学生")).start();
}
}
学生端
package com.net;
public class TalkStudent {
public static void main(String[] args) {
//开启两个线程
new Thread(new TalkSend(7777,"localhost",9999)).start();
new Thread(new TalkReceive(8888,"老师")).start();
}
}
结果:
1.8 URL
https://www.baidu.com/
统一资源定位符:定位资源的,定位互联网上的某一个资源
DNS域名解析 将www.baidu.com 解析成xxx.xx.xx.xxx
格式:协议://ip地址:端口/项目名/资源
package com.net;
import java.net.MalformedURLException;
import java.net.URL;
public class URLDemo01 {
public static void main(String[] args) throws MalformedURLException {
URL url = new URL("http://localhost:8080/helloworld/index.jsp?username=gxx&password+123456");
System.out.println(url.getProtocol());//协议
System.out.println(url.getHost());//主机ip
System.out.println(url.getPort());//端口
System.out.println(url.getPath());//文件
System.out.println(url.getFile());//全路径
System.out.println(url.getQuery());//参数
}
}
下载网络资源
package com.net;
import java.io.FileOutputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.net.HttpURLConnection;
import java.net.MalformedURLException;
import java.net.URL;
public class UrlDown {
public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
//1.下载地址
URL url = new URL("https://ss2.meipian.me/users/33576056/8b70d467a4394d95b1bde4eb5a1488d2.jpg-mobile");
//2.连接到这个资源 HTTP
HttpURLConnection urlConnection = (HttpURLConnection) url.openConnection();
InputStream inputStream = urlConnection.getInputStream();
FileOutputStream fos = new FileOutputStream("123.jpg");
byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
int len;
while((len=inputStream.read(buffer))!=-1){
fos.write(buffer,0,len);
}
fos.close();
inputStream.close();
urlConnection.disconnect();//断开连接
}
}
URLException;
import java.net.URL;
public class UrlDown {
public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
//1.下载地址
URL url = new URL("https://ss2.meipian.me/users/33576056/8b70d467a4394d95b1bde4eb5a1488d2.jpg-mobile");
//2.连接到这个资源 HTTP
HttpURLConnection urlConnection = (HttpURLConnection) url.openConnection();
InputStream inputStream = urlConnection.getInputStream();
FileOutputStream fos = new FileOutputStream("123.jpg");
byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
int len;
while((len=inputStream.read(buffer))!=-1){
fos.write(buffer,0,len);
}
fos.close();
inputStream.close();
urlConnection.disconnect();//断开连接
}
}