zabbix介绍
1.zabbix是一个机遇web界面的提供分布式系统监控的企业级开源解决方案。
zabbix能监控各种网络参数,并提供灵活的通知机制以让运维人员快速定位并解决存在的各种问题。
Zabbix监控的优点:
1)自动发现服务器和网络设备
2)底层自动发现(如自动发现多实例mysql、tomcat进程等)
3)分布式的监控体系和集中式的web管理
4)支持主动监控和被动监控模式
5)支持多种操作系统linux,Solaris,HP-UX,AIX,FreeBSD,OpenBSD等
6)高效的Agent支持linux,Solaris,HP-UX,AIX,FreeBSD,OpenBSD,windows NT4.0,window2000等
7)无Agent监控等多种监控方法(如:用SNMP协议监控路由或交换机、IPMI检测硬件温度等)
8)安全的用户认证模式
9)灵活的用户权限设置
10)基于web的管理方法,支持自由的定义事件和邮件发送
11)高水平的业务视图监控资源,支持日志审计
缺点:
1)性能瓶颈,监控系统没有低估高峰期,具有持续性和周期性,机器量越大,数据的增大会使数据库的写入成为一定的瓶颈,官网给出的单机上限5000台,届时就需要增加proxy,增加成本。
2)Zabbix采集数据有pull方式,也就是server主动模式,当目标机器量大之后,pull任务会出现积压。采集数据会延迟
3)项目二次开发,需要分析MySQL表结构,表结构比较复杂,通过API开发对开发能力有要求。
4)内置housekeeping在执行过程中会对数据库增加压力,需要对数据库进行优化
2.zabbix监控的组件
完整的zabbix分布式监控系统,由以下几个组件构成:
zabbix server:负责接收agent发送的报告信息的核心组件,所有配置,统计数据及操作数据均由其组织进行;
database storage:专用于存储所有配置信息,以及由zabbix收集的数据;
web interface:zabbix的GUI接口,通常与server运行在同一台主机上;
proxy:可选组件,常用于分布监控环境中,代理server收集部分被监控端的监控数据并统一发往Server端;
zabbix agent:部署在被监控主机上,负责收集本地数据并发往server或proxy端;
zabbix配置文件
zabbix配置文件
zabbix配置文件有两种:
☆服务器端配置文件(/usr/local/etc/zabbix_server.conf)
☆客户端配置文件(/usr/local/etc/zabbix_agentd.conf)
☆zabbix代理配置文件(/usr/local/etc/zabbix_proxy.conf)
服务器端配置文件zabbix_server.conf常用配置参数:
参数 | 作用 |
---|---|
LogFile | 设置服务端日志文件存放路径 |
ListenIP | 设置服务端监听IP |
ListenPort | 设置服务端监听的端口号 |
PidFile | 设置服务端进程号文件存放路径 |
DBHost | 指定zabbix的数据库服务器IP |
DBName | 指定zabbix使用的数据库库名 |
DBUser | 指定zabbix数据库登录用户 |
DBPassword | 指定zabbix数据库登录密码 |
DBPort | 指定zabbix数据库端口号 |
User | 设置zabbix以什么用户的身份运行 |
AlertScriptsPath | 设置告警脚本存放路径 |
ExternalScripts | 外部脚本存放路径 |
部署zabbix
环境说明:
系统 | IP | 所需应用 |
---|---|---|
CentOS7(服务端) | 192.168.222.128 | lamp架构、zabbix server、zabbix agent |
CentOS7(客户端) | 192.168.222.129 | zabbix agent |
`因为zabbix是用php语言开发的,所以必须先部署lamp架构,使其能够支持运行php网页
lamp架构部署可看:LAMP部署、LAMP分离部署
zabbix服务端安装
//安装依赖包
[root@WangJiayue ~]# yum -y install net-snmp-devel libevent-devel
//下载zabbix
[root@WangJiayue ~]# cd /usr/src/
[root@WangJiayue src]# wget https://cdn.zabbix.com/zabbix/sources/stable/5.0/zabbix-5.0.2.tar.gz
--2020-07-14 01:26:31-- https://cdn.zabbix.com/zabbix/sources/stable/5.0/zabbix-5.0.2.tar.gz
Resolving cdn.zabbix.com (cdn.zabbix.com)... 172.67.179.162, 104.31.68.176, 104.31.69.176, ...
Connecting to cdn.zabbix.com (cdn.zabbix.com)|172.67.179.162|:443... connected.
HTTP request sent, awaiting response... 200 OK
Length: 18823956 (18M) [application/octet-stream]
Saving to: ‘zabbix-5.0.2.tar.gz’
100%[====================================================>] 18,823,956 357KB/s in 36s
2020-07-14 01:27:25 (506 KB/s) - ‘zabbix-5.0.2.tar.gz’ saved [18823956/18823956]
//解压
[root@WangJiayue src]# tar xf zabbix-5.0.2.tar.gz
//创建zabbix用户和组
[root@WangJiayue ~]# groupadd -r zabbix
[root@WangJiayue ~]# useradd -r -g zabbix -M -s /sbin/nologin zabbix
//配置zabbix数据库
[root@WangJiayue ~]# mysql -uroot -pwang123!
mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 4
Server version: 5.7.30 MySQL Community Server (GPL)
Copyright (c) 2000, 2020, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.
Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
mysql> create database zabbix character set utf8 collate utf8_bin;
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.55 sec)
mysql> grant all privileges on zabbix.* to zabbix@localhost identified by 'zabbix123!';
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 2 warnings (0.43 sec)
mysql> flush privileges;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> quit
Bye
[root@WangJiayue ~]# cd /usr/src/zabbix-5.0.2/database/mysql/
[root@WangJiayue mysql]# ls
data.sql double.sql images.sql Makefile.am Makefile.in schema.sql
[root@WangJiayue mysql]# mysql -uzabbix -pzabbix123! zabbix < schema.sql
mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
[root@WangJiayue mysql]# mysql -uzabbix -pzabbix123! zabbix < images.sql
mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
[root@WangJiayue mysql]# mysql -uzabbix -pzabbix123! zabbix < data.sql
mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
//编译安装zabbix
[root@WangJiayue mysql]# cd /usr/src/zabbix-5.0.2
[root@WangJiayue zabbix-5.0.2]# ./configure --enable-server \
> --enable-agent \
> --with-mysql \
> --with-net-snmp \
> --with-libcurl \
> --with-libxml2
[root@WangJiayue zabbix-5.0.2]# make install
zabbix服务端配置
[root@WangJiayue ~]# ls /usr/local/etc/
zabbix_agentd.conf zabbix_agentd.conf.d zabbix_server.conf zabbix_server.conf.d
//修改服务端配置文件
//设置数据库信息
[root@WangJiayue ~]# vim /usr/local/etc/zabbix_server.conf
....
DBPassword=zabbix123! //设置zabbix数据库连接密码
//启动zabbix_server和zabbix_agentd
[root@WangJiayue ~]# zabbix_server
[root@WangJiayue ~]# zabbix_agentd
[root@WangJiayue ~]# ss -antl
State Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address:Port Peer Address:Port
LISTEN 0 128 *:10050 *:*
LISTEN 0 128 *:10051 *:*
LISTEN 0 128 127.0.0.1:9000 *:*
LISTEN 0 128 *:22 *:*
LISTEN 0 100 127.0.0.1:25 *:*
LISTEN 0 80 [::]:3306 [::]:*
LISTEN 0 128 [::]:80 [::]:*
LISTEN 0 128 [::]:22 [::]:*
LISTEN 0 100 [::1]:25 [::]:*
zabbix服务端web界面安装与配置
zabbix web界面安装前配置
//修改/etc/php.ini的配置并重启php-fpm
[root@WangJiayue ~]# sed -ri 's/(post_max_size =).*/\1 16M/g' /etc/php.ini
[root@WangJiayue ~]# sed -ri 's/(max_execution_time =).*/\1 300/g' /etc/php.ini
[root@WangJiayue ~]# sed -ri 's/(max_input_time =).*/\1 300/g' /etc/php.ini
[root@WangJiayue ~]# sed -i '/;date.timezone/a date.timezone = Asia/Shanghai' /etc/php.ini
[root@WangJiayue ~]# service php-fpm restart
Gracefully shutting down php-fpm . done
Starting php-fpm done
[root@WangJiayue ~]# cd /usr/src/zabbix-5.0.2
[root@WangJiayue zabbix-5.0.2]# ls
aclocal.m4 ChangeLog config.log configure.ac include Makefile misc sass
AUTHORS compile config.status COPYING INSTALL Makefile.am missing src
bin conf config.sub database install-sh Makefile.in NEWS ui
build config.guess configure depcomp m4 man REA
[root@WangJiayue zabbix-5.0.2]# mkdir /usr/local/apache/htdocs/zabbix
[root@WangJiayue zabbix-5.0.2]# cp -a ui/* /usr/local/apache/htdocs/zabbix/
[root@WangJiayue zabbix-5.0.2]# chown -R apache.apache /usr/local/apache/htdocs/
//配置apache虚拟主机
[root@WangJiayue ~]# vim /etc/httpd24/httpd.conf
//在配置文件的末尾加如下内容
<VirtualHost *:80>
DocumentRoot "/usr/local/apache/htdocs/zabbix"
ServerName zabbix.wangqing.com
ProxyRequests Off
ProxyPassMatch ^/(.*\.php)$ fcgi://127.0.0.1:9000/usr/local/apache/htdocs/zabbix/$1
<Directory "/usr/local/apache/htdocs/zabbix">
Options none
AllowOverride none
Require all granted
</Directory>
</VirtualHost>
//设置zabbix/conf目录的权限,让zabbix有权限生成配置文件zabbix.conf.php
[root@WangJiayue ~]# chmod 777 /usr/local/apache/htdocs/zabbix/conf
[root@WangJiayue ~]# ll -d /usr/local/apache/htdocs/zabbix/conf
drwxrwxrwx. 3 apache apache 94 Jul 6 05:54 /usr/local/apache/htdocs/zabbix/conf
//重启apache
[root@WangJiayue ~]# apachectl -t
Syntax OK
[root@WangJiayue ~]# apachectl stop
[root@WangJiayue ~]# apachectl start
[root@WangJiayue ~]# ss -antl
State Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address:Port Peer Address:Port
LISTEN 0 128 *:10050 *:*
LISTEN 0 128 *:10051 *:*
LISTEN 0 128 127.0.0.1:9000 *:*
LISTEN 0 128 *:22 *:*
LISTEN 0 100 127.0.0.1:25 *:*
LISTEN 0 80 [::]:3306 [::]:*
LISTEN 0 128 [::]:80 [::]:*
LISTEN 0 128 [::]:22 [::]:*
LISTEN 0 100 [::1]:25 [::]:*
安装zabbix web完
恢复zabbix/conf目录的权限为755:
[root@WangJiayue ~]# chmod 755 /usr/local/apache/htdocs/zabbix/conf
[root@WangJiayue ~]# ll -d /usr/local/apache/htdocs/zabbix/conf
drwxr-xr-x. 3 apache apache 117 Jul 16 03:58 /usr/local/apache/htdocs/zabbix/conf
登录zabbix
zabbix默认登录用户和密码
用户名 | 密码 |
---|---|
Admin | zabbix |
zabbix客户端安装
//安装软件包
[root@WangJiayue ~]# yum -y install gcc gcc-c++ vim wget pcre-devel
//下载zabbix
[root@WangJiayue ~]# cd /usr/src/
[root@WangJiayue src]# wget https://cdn.zabbix.com/zabbix/sources/stable/5.0/zabbix-5.0.2.tar.gz
//解压
[root@WangJiayue src]# tar xf zabbix-5.0.2.tar.gz
//创建zabbix用户和组
[root@WangJiayue ~]# groupadd -r zabbix
[root@WangJiayue ~]# useradd -r -g zabbix -M -s /sbin/nologin zabbix
//编译安装zabbix
[root@WangJiayue src]# cd /usr/src/zabbix-5.0.2
[root@WangJiayue zabbix-5.0.2]# ./configure --enable-agent
[root@WangJiayue zabbix-5.0.2]# make install
zabbix客户端配置
[root@WangJiayue ~]# cd /usr/local/etc/
[root@WangJiayue etc]# ls
zabbix_agentd.conf zabbix_agentd.conf.d
[root@WangJiayue etc]# vim zabbix_agentd.conf
#Mandatory: yes, if StartAgents is not explicitly set to 0
#Default:
#Server=
Server=192.168.222.128 //修改IP指向服务端
#Mandatory: no
#Default:
#ServerActive=
ServerActive=192.168.222.128 //修改IP指向服务端
#Mandatory: no
#Default:
#Hostname=
Hostname=123 //修改主机名 这里的007只是代号,请随意!!!
//启动zabbix
[root@WangJiayue ~]# zabbix_agentd
[root@WangJiayue ~]# ss -antl
State Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address:Port Peer Address:Port
LISTEN 0 128 *:10050 *:*
LISTEN 0 128 *:22 *:*
LISTEN 0 100 127.0.0.1:25 *:*
LISTEN 0 128 [::]:22 [::]:*
LISTEN 0 100 [::1]:25 [::]:*
配置zabbix监控
新建主机组
添加主机并加入主机组
//添加的主机可以再下面看到
添加监控模板
添加手动监控项
添加触发器
添加成功
添加媒介
添加动作
触发
zabbix脚本告警
[root@WangJiayue ~]# cd /usr/local/etc/
[root@WangJiayue etc]# ls
zabbix_agentd.conf zabbix_agentd.conf.d zabbix_server.conf zabbix_server.conf.d
[root@WangJiayue etc]# vim zabbix_server.conf
#Mandatory: no
#Default:
#AlertScriptsPath=${datadir}/zabbix/alertscripts
AlertScriptsPath=/usr/local/etc/zabbix/alertscripts //添加一行
[root@WangJiayue etc]# mkdir -p /usr/local/etc/zabbix/alertscripts
[root@WangJiayue alertscripts]# vim sendmail.sh
#!/bin/bash
SUBJECT=$(echo -e $2 |tr "\r\n" "\n")
MESSAGE=$(echo -e $1 |tr "\r\n" "\n")
echo "$MESSAGE" | /usr/bin/mail -s "$SUBJECT" $3
[root@WangJiayue alertscripts]# chmod +x sendmail.sh
[root@WangJiayue ~]# chown -R zabbix.zabbix /usr/local/etc/zabbix
[root@WangJiayue ~]# ll /usr/local/etc/zabbix
total 0
drwxr-xr-x 2 zabbix zabbix 25 Jul 20 00:06 alertscripts
[root@WangJiayue ~]# pkill zabbix
[root@WangJiayue ~]# zabbix_server
[root@WangJiayue ~]# zabbix_agentd
[root@WangJiayue ~]# ss -antl
State Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address:Port Peer Address:Port
LISTEN 0 128 127.0.0.1:9000 *:*
LISTEN 0 128 *:22 *:*
LISTEN 0 100 127.0.0.1:25 *:*
LISTEN 0 128 *:10050 *:*
LISTEN 0 128 *:10051 *:*
LISTEN 0 80 [::]:3306 [::]:*
LISTEN 0 128 [::]:80 [::]:*
LISTEN 0 128 [::]:22 [::]:*
LISTEN 0 100 [::1]:25 [::]:*
[root@WangJiayue ~]# cd /usr/local/etc/
[root@WangJiayue etc]# su - zabbix -s /bin/bash
su: warning: cannot change directory to /home/zabbix: No such file or directory
-bash-4.2$ cd /usr/local/etc/zabbix/alertscripts/
-bash-4.2$ ls
sendmail.sh
-bash-4.2$ ./sendmail.sh '111' '222' 1309380789@qq.com
第三方邮件发送告警
[root@WangJiayue ~]# vim /etc/mail.rc
set from=1309380789@qq.com
set smtp="smtp.qq.com"
set smtp-auth-user=1309380789@qq.com
set smtp-auth-password=pnewfaqoyhzobcie
set smtp-auth=login
[root@WangJiayue ~]# /usr/local/etc/zabbix/alertscripts/sendmail.sh 234 456 1309380789@foxmail.com