Docker常用命令 （二）

Docker常用命令

1 基础命令

docker version #查看docker的版本信息
docker info #查看docker的系统信息,包括镜像和容器的数量
docker 命令 --help #帮助命令(可查看可选的参数)
docker COMMAND --help

2 镜像命令

查看镜像

#查看镜像
[root@localhost ~]# docker images
REPOSITORY    TAG       IMAGE ID       CREATED        SIZE
hello-world   latest    feb5d9fea6a5   3 months ago   13.3kB
#解释:
1.REPOSITORY  镜像的仓库源

2.TAG  镜像的标签

3.IMAGE ID 镜像的id

4.CREATED 镜像的创建时间

5.SIZE 镜像的大小
# 可选参数

-a/--all 列出所有镜像

-q/--quiet 只显示镜像的id

docker search 搜索镜像

#搜索镜像库
[root@localhost ~]# docker search mysql
NAME                              DESCRIPTION                                     STARS     OFFICIAL   AUTOMATED
mysql                             MySQL is a widely used, open-source relation…   11912     [OK]       
mariadb                           MariaDB Server is a high performing open sou…   4558      [OK]       
mysql/mysql-server                Optimized MySQL Server Docker images. Create…   895                  [OK]
centos/mysql-57-centos7           MySQL 5.7 SQL database server                   92                

#搜索收藏数大于3000的镜像
[root@localhost ~]# docker search mysql --filter=STARS=3000
NAME      DESCRIPTION                                     STARS     OFFICIAL   AUTOMATED
mysql     MySQL is a widely used, open-source relation…   11912     [OK]       

docker pull 镜像名[:tag] 下载镜像

#如果不写tag默认就是latest
[root@localhost ~]# docker pull mysql:5.7   
5.7: Pulling from library/mysql
72a69066d2fe: Pull complete                  #分层下载,docker image的核心-联合文件系统
93619dbc5b36: Pull complete 
99da31dd6142: Pull complete 
626033c43d70: Pull complete 
37d5d7efb64e: Pull complete 
ac563158d721: Pull complete 
d2ba16033dad: Pull complete 
0ceb82207cd7: Pull complete 
37f2405cae96: Pull complete 
e2482e017e53: Pull complete 
70deed891d42: Pull complete 
Digest: sha256:f2ad209efe9c67104167fc609cca6973c8422939491c9345270175a300419f94
Status: Downloaded newer image for mysql:5.7
docker.io/library/mysql:5.7

docker rmi 删除镜像

[root@localhost ~]# docker images
REPOSITORY    TAG       IMAGE ID       CREATED        SIZE
mysql         5.7       c20987f18b13   2 weeks ago    448MB
hello-world   latest    feb5d9fea6a5   3 months ago   13.3kB
[root@localhost ~]# docker rmi -f c20987f18b13     				 #根据id删除
Untagged: mysql:5.7
Untagged: mysql@sha256:f2ad209efe9c67104167fc609cca6973c8422939491c9345270175a300419f94
Deleted: sha256:c20987f18b130f9d144c9828df630417e2a9523148930dc3963e9d0dab302a76
Deleted: sha256:6567396b065ee734fb2dbb80c8923324a778426dfd01969f091f1ab2d52c7989
Deleted: sha256:0910f12649d514b471f1583a16f672ab67e3d29d9833a15dc2df50dd5536e40f
Deleted: sha256:6682af2fb40555c448b84711c7302d0f86fc716bbe9c7dc7dbd739ef9d757150
Deleted: sha256:5c062c3ac20f576d24454e74781511a5f96739f289edaadf2de934d06e910b92
Deleted: sha256:8805862fcb6ef9deb32d4218e9e6377f35fb351a8be7abafdf1da358b2b287ba
Deleted: sha256:872d2f24c4c64a6795e86958fde075a273c35c82815f0a5025cce41edfef50c7
Deleted: sha256:6fdb3143b79e1be7181d32748dd9d4a845056dfe16ee4c827410e0edef5ad3da
Deleted: sha256:b0527c827c82a8f8f37f706fcb86c420819bb7d707a8de7b664b9ca491c96838
Deleted: sha256:75147f61f29796d6528486d8b1f9fb5d122709ea35620f8ffcea0e0ad2ab0cd0
Deleted: sha256:2938c71ddf01643685879bf182b626f0a53b1356138ef73c40496182e84548aa
Deleted: sha256:ad6b69b549193f81b039a1d478bc896f6e460c77c1849a4374ab95f9a3d2cea2

#删除全部镜像
[root@localhost ~]# docker rmi -f  $(docker images -aq)

3 容器命令

拉取一个centos容器

docker pull centos

运行容器

docker run [可选参数] image

#参数说明
--name="名字"           指定容器名字
-d                     后台方式运行
-it                    使用交互方式运行,进入容器查看内容
-p                     指定容器的端口
(
-p ip:主机端口:容器端口  配置主机端口映射到容器端口
-p 主机端口:容器端口
-p 容器端口
)
-P                     随机指定端口(大写的P)

进入容器

# docker run -it centos /bin/bash
# ls      
bin  dev  etc  home  lib  lib64  lost+found  media  mnt  opt  proc  root  run  sbin  srv  sys  tmp  usr  var

退出容器

#exit 停止并退出容器（后台方式运行则仅退出）
#Ctrl+P+Q  不停止容器退出
[root@bd1b8900c547 /]# exit
exit
[root@localhost ~]#

列出运行过的程序

#docker ps 
     # 列出当前正在运行的容器
-a   # 列出所有容器的运行记录
-n=? # 显示最近创建的n个容器
-q   # 只显示容器的编号

[root@localhost ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE     COMMAND   CREATED   STATUS    PORTS     NAMES


[root@localhost ~]# docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE         COMMAND    CREATED        STATUS                    PORTS     NAMES
2c86bdad7ebb   hello-world   "/hello"   24 hours ago   Exited (0) 24 hours ago             stupefied_lewin


[root@localhost ~]# docker ps -n=1
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE         COMMAND    CREATED        STATUS                    PORTS     NAMES
2c86bdad7ebb   hello-world   "/hello"   24 hours ago   Exited (0) 24 hours ago             stupefied_lewin

删除容器
docker rm 容器id                 #删除指定的容器,不能删除正在运行的容器,强制删除使用 rm -f
docker rm -f $(docker ps -aq)   #删除所有的容器
docker ps -a -q|xargs docker rm #删除所有的容器

启动和停止容器

docker start 容器id          #启动容器
docker restart 容器id        #重启容器
docker stop 容器id           #停止当前运行的容器
docker kill 容器id           #强制停止当前容器

4 其他常用命令

日志的查看

[root@localhost ~]# docker logs --help

Usage:  docker logs [OPTIONS] CONTAINER

Fetch the logs of a container

Options:
      --details        Show extra details provided to logs
  -f, --follow         Follow log output
      --since string   Show logs since timestamp (e.g. 2013-01-02T13:23:37Z) or relative (e.g. 42m for 42 minutes)
  -n, --tail string    Number of lines to show from the end of the logs (default "all")
  -t, --timestamps     Show timestamps
      --until string   Show logs before a timestamp (e.g. 2013-01-02T13:23:37Z) or relative (e.g. 42m for 42 minutes)

常用：
docker logs -tf 容器id
docker logs --tail number 容器id #num为要显示的日志条数


#docker容器后台运行，必须要有一个前台的进程，否则会自动停止
#编写shell脚本循环执行，使得centos容器保持运行状态
[root@localhost  ~]# docker run -d centos /bin/sh -c "while true;do echo hi;sleep 5;done"
c703b5b1911ff84d584390263a35707b6024816e1f46542b61918a6327a570dc
[root@localhost ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE     COMMAND                  CREATED          STATUS          PORTS     NAMES
c703b5b1911f   centos    "/bin/sh -c 'while t…"   13 seconds ago   Up 10 seconds             pedantic_banach
[root@localhost ~]# docker logs -tf --tail 10 c703b5b1911f
2021-12-27T03:34:07.255599560Z hi
2021-12-27T03:34:12.257641517Z hi
2021-12-27T03:34:17.259706294Z hi
2021-12-27T03:34:22.261693707Z hi
2021-12-27T03:34:27.262609289Z hi
2021-12-27T03:34:32.267862677Z hi
2021-12-27T03:34:37.270382873Z hi
2021-12-27T03:34:42.272414182Z hi
2021-12-27T03:34:47.274823243Z hi
2021-12-27T03:34:52.277419274Z hi

查看容器中进程信息

[root@localhost~]# docker top c703b5b1911f
UID                 PID                 PPID                C                   STIME               TTY                 TIME                CMD
root                11156               11135               0                   11:31               ?                   00:00:00            /bin/sh -c while true;do echo hi;sleep 5;done
root                11886               11156               0                   11:43               ?                   00:00:00            /usr/bin/coreutils --coreutils-prog-shebang=sleep /usr/bin/sleep 5

查看容器的元数据

[root@localhost ~]# docker images
REPOSITORY    TAG       IMAGE ID       CREATED        SIZE
hello-world   latest    feb5d9fea6a5   3 months ago   13.3kB
[root@localhost ~]# docker run feb5d9fea6a5

Hello from Docker!



[root@localhost ~]# docker inspect feb5d9fea6a5
[
    {
        "Id": "sha256:feb5d9fea6a5e9606aa995e879d862b825965ba48de054caab5ef356dc6b3412",
        "RepoTags": [
            "hello-world:latest"
        ],
        "RepoDigests": [
            "hello-world@sha256:2498fce14358aa50ead0cc6c19990fc6ff866ce72aeb5546e1d59caac3d0d60f"
        ],
        "Parent": "",
        "Comment": "",
        "Created": "2021-09-23T23:47:57.442225064Z",
        "Container": "8746661ca3c2f215da94e6d3f7dfdcafaff5ec0b21c9aff6af3dc379a82fbc72",
        "ContainerConfig": {
            "Hostname": "8746661ca3c2",
            "Domainname": "",
            "User": "",
            "AttachStdin": false,
            "AttachStdout": false,
            "AttachStderr": false,
            "Tty": false,
            "OpenStdin": false,
            "StdinOnce": false,
            "Env": [
                "PATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin"
            ],
            "Cmd": [
                "/bin/sh",
                "-c",
                "#(nop) ",
                "CMD [\"/hello\"]"
            ],
            "Image": "sha256:b9935d4e8431fb1a7f0989304ec86b3329a99a25f5efdc7f09f3f8c41434ca6d",
            "Volumes": null,
            "WorkingDir": "",
            "Entrypoint": null,
            "OnBuild": null,
            "Labels": {}
        },
        "DockerVersion": "20.10.7",
        "Author": "",
        "Config": {
            "Hostname": "",
            "Domainname": "",
            "User": "",
            "AttachStdin": false,
            "AttachStdout": false,
            "AttachStderr": false,
            "Tty": false,
            "OpenStdin": false,
            "StdinOnce": false,
            "Env": [
                "PATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin"
            ],
            "Cmd": [
                "/hello"
            ],
            "Image": "sha256:b9935d4e8431fb1a7f0989304ec86b3329a99a25f5efdc7f09f3f8c41434ca6d",
            "Volumes": null,
            "WorkingDir": "",
            "Entrypoint": null,
            "OnBuild": null,
            "Labels": null
        },
        "Architecture": "amd64",
        "Os": "linux",
        "Size": 13256,
        "VirtualSize": 13256,
        "GraphDriver": {
            "Data": {
                "MergedDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/f5a354bb3e533482676ac45d95738958017b75ca28d9bc0246435a8b6648ff0a/merged",
                "UpperDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/f5a354bb3e533482676ac45d95738958017b75ca28d9bc0246435a8b6648ff0a/diff",
                "WorkDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/f5a354bb3e533482676ac45d95738958017b75ca28d9bc0246435a8b6648ff0a/work"
            },
            "Name": "overlay2"
        },
        "RootFS": {
            "Type": "layers",
            "Layers": [
                "sha256:e07ee1baac5fae6a26f30cabfe54a36d3402f96afda318fe0a96cec4ca393359"
            ]
        },
        "Metadata": {
            "LastTagTime": "0001-01-01T00:00:00Z"
        }
    }
]

进入当前正在运行的容器

docker exec 进入容器后开启一个新的终端，可以在里面操作

docker attach 进入容器正在执行的终端，不会启动新的进程
1:

[root@iZwz99sm8v95sckz8bd2c4Z ~]# docker exec -it c703b5b1911f /bin/bash
[root@c703b5b1911f /]# ls
bin  dev  etc  home  lib  lib64  lost+found  media  mnt  opt  proc  root  run  sbin  srv  sys  tmp  usr  var
[root@c703b5b1911f /]# ps -ef      
UID        PID  PPID  C STIME TTY          TIME CMD
root         1     0  0 03:31 ?        00:00:00 /bin/sh -c while true;do echo hi;sleep 5;done
root       279     0  0 03:54 pts/0    00:00:00 /bin/bash
root       315     1  0 03:56 ?        00:00:00 /usr/bin/coreutils --coreutils-prog-shebang=sleep /usr/bin/sleep 5
root       316   279  0 03:56 pts/0    00:00:00 ps -ef

2:

[root@iZwz99sm8v95sckz8bd2c4Z ~]# docker attach c703b5b1911f

拷贝操作

拷贝操作的命令如下：

#拷贝容器的文件到主机中
docker cp 容器id:容器内路径  目的主机路径

#拷贝宿主机的文件到容器中
docker cp 目的主机路径 容器id:容器内路径

[root@iZwz99sm8v95sckz8bd2c4Z ~]# docker exec -it c703b5b1911f /bin/bash
[root@c703b5b1911f /]# cd home
[root@c703b5b1911f home]# ls
#touch 新建文件
[root@c703b5b1911f home]# touch test.java
[root@c703b5b1911f home]# ls
test.java
[root@c703b5b1911f home]# exit
exit
[root@iZwz99sm8v95sckz8bd2c4Z ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE     COMMAND                  CREATED          STATUS          PORTS     NAMES
c703b5b1911f   centos    "/bin/sh -c 'while t…"   35 minutes ago   Up 35 minutes             pedantic_banach
[root@iZwz99sm8v95sckz8bd2c4Z ~]# docker cp c703b5b1911f:/home/test.java /home
[root@iZwz99sm8v95sckz8bd2c4Z ~]# ls /home
hai  pan  test.java

命令小节的图解如下：

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