rabbit有direct路由模式，topic通配符主题订阅模式，fanout广播发布模式，下面将逐一详细的讲解三种模式的用法及应用场景。
Fanout Exchange——订阅模式
Direct Exchange——路由模式
Topic Exchange——通配符模式
Fanout模式
不处理路由键，只需要简单的将队列绑定到交换机上。一个发送到减缓及的消息，都会被转发到与该交换机绑定的所有队列上。
Fanout交换机转发消息是最快的。
代码示例：
发布者：
public class FanoutProducer {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
//1. 创建一个 ConnectionFactory 并进行设置
ConnectionFactory factory = new ConnectionFactory();
factory.setHost("localhost");
factory.setVirtualHost("/");
factory.setUsername("guest");
factory.setPassword("guest");
//2. 通过连接工厂来创建连接
Connection connection = factory.newConnection();
//3. 通过 Connection 来创建 Channel
Channel channel = connection.createChannel();
//4. 声明
String exchangeName = "test_fanout_exchange";
String routingKey1 = "item.update";
String routingKey2 = "";
String routingKey3 = "ookjkjjkhjhk";//任意routingkey
//5. 发送
String msg = "this is fanout msg";
channel.basicPublish(exchangeName, routingKey1, null, msg.getBytes());
channel.basicPublish(exchangeName, routingKey2, null, msg.getBytes());
channel.basicPublish(exchangeName, routingKey3, null, msg.getBytes());
System.out.println("发送消息 : " + msg);
//6. 关闭连接
channel.close();
connection.close();
}
}
订阅者：
public class FanoutConsumer {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
//1. 创建一个 ConnectionFactory 并进行设置
ConnectionFactory factory = new ConnectionFactory();
factory.setHost("localhost");
factory.setVirtualHost("/");
factory.setUsername("guest");
factory.setPassword("guest");
factory.setAutomaticRecoveryEnabled(true);
factory.setNetworkRecoveryInterval(3000);
//2. 通过连接工厂来创建连接
Connection connection = factory.newConnection();
//3. 通过 Connection 来创建 Channel
Channel channel = connection.createChannel();
//4. 声明
String exchangeName = "test_fanout_exchange";
String queueName = "test_fanout_queue";
String routingKey = "item.#";
channel.exchangeDeclare(exchangeName, "fanout", true, false, null);
channel.queueDeclare(queueName, false, false, false, null);
//一般不用代码绑定，在管理界面手动绑定
channel.queueBind(queueName, exchangeName, routingKey);
//5. 创建消费者并接收消息
Consumer consumer = new DefaultConsumer(channel) {
@Override
public void handleDelivery(String consumerTag, Envelope envelope,
AMQP.BasicProperties properties, byte[] body)
throws IOException {
String message = new String(body, "UTF-8");
System.out.println(" 收到消息 '" + message + "'");
}
};
//6. 设置 Channel 消费者绑定队列
channel.basicConsume(queueName, true, consumer);
}
}
Direct 模式
所有发送到 Direct Exchange 的消息被转发到 RouteKey 中指定的 Queue。
Direct 模式可以使用 RabbitMQ 自带的 Exchange: default Exchange，所以不需要将 Exchange 进行任何绑定(binding)操作。
消息传递时，RouteKey 必须完全匹配才会被队列接收，否则该消息会被抛弃
生产者：
public class DirectProducer {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
//1. 创建一个 ConnectionFactory 并进行设置
ConnectionFactory factory = new ConnectionFactory();
factory.setHost("localhost");
factory.setPort(5672);
factory.setVirtualHost("/");
factory.setUsername("guest");
factory.setPassword("guest");
//2. 通过连接工厂来创建连接
Connection connection = factory.newConnection();
//3. 通过 Connection 来创建 Channel
Channel channel = connection.createChannel();
//4. 声明
String exchangeName = "test_direct_exchange";
String routingKey = "item.direct";
//5. 发送
String msg = "this is direct msg";
//6.发送消息给队列queue
/*参数1: 交换机
参数2:队列、路由key
参数3:消息的状态控制
参数4:消息主题
*/
channel.basicPublish(exchangeName, routingKey, null, msg.getBytes());
System.out.println("发送消息 : " + msg);
//6. 关闭连接
channel.close();
connection.close();
}
}
消费者：
public class DirectConsumer {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
//1. 创建一个 ConnectionFactory 并进行设置
ConnectionFactory factory = new ConnectionFactory();
factory.setHost("localhost");
factory.setPort(5672);
factory.setVirtualHost("/");
factory.setUsername("guest");
factory.setPassword("guest");
factory.setAutomaticRecoveryEnabled(true);
factory.setNetworkRecoveryInterval(3000);
//2. 通过连接工厂来创建连接
Connection connection = factory.newConnection();
//3. 通过 Connection 来创建 Channel
Channel channel = connection.createChannel();
//4. 声明
String exchangeName = "test_direct_exchange";
String queueName = "test_direct_queue";
String routingKey = "item.direct";
channel.exchangeDeclare(exchangeName, "direct", true, false, null);
//5.通过创建交换机，声明队列，绑定关系，路由key，发送消息和接受消息
/*参数2: 是否持久化，非持久化消息会存盘吗？会存盘，但是会随着重启服务器而丢失
参数3:是否独占队列
参数4:是否自动删除，随着最后一个消费者消息完毕消息以后是否把队列自动删除
参数5:携带附属属性
*/
channel.queueDeclare(queueName, false, false, false, null);
//一般不用代码绑定，在管理界面手动绑定
channel.queueBind(queueName, exchangeName, routingKey);
//5. 创建消费者并接收消息
Consumer consumer = new DefaultConsumer(channel) {
@Override
public void handleDelivery(String consumerTag, Envelope envelope,
AMQP.BasicProperties properties, byte[] body)
throws IOException {
String message = new String(body, "UTF-8");
System.out.println(" 收到消息 '" + message + "'");
}
};
//6. 设置 Channel 消费者绑定队列
channel.basicConsume(queueName, true, consumer);
}
}
Topic 模式
可以使用通配符进行模糊匹配
符号’#" 匹配一个或多个词
符号"*”匹配不多不少一个词
例如
'log.#“能够匹配到’log.info.oa”
"log.*"只会匹配到"log.erro“
生产者：
public class TopicProducer {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
//1. 创建一个 ConnectionFactory 并进行设置
ConnectionFactory factory = new ConnectionFactory();
factory.setHost("localhost");
factory.setVirtualHost("/");
factory.setUsername("guest");
factory.setPassword("guest");
//2. 通过连接工厂来创建连接
Connection connection = factory.newConnection();
//3. 通过 Connection 来创建 Channel
Channel channel = connection.createChannel();
//4. 声明
String exchangeName = "test_topic_exchange";
String routingKey1 = "item.update";
String routingKey2 = "item.delete";
String routingKey3 = "user.add";
//5. 发送
String msg = "this is topic msg";
channel.basicPublish(exchangeName, routingKey1, null, msg.getBytes());
channel.basicPublish(exchangeName, routingKey2, null, msg.getBytes());
channel.basicPublish(exchangeName, routingKey3, null, msg.getBytes());
System.out.println("发送消息 : " + msg);
//6. 关闭连接
channel.close();
connection.close();
}
}
消费者：
public class TopicConsumer {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
//1. 创建一个 ConnectionFactory 并进行设置
ConnectionFactory factory = new ConnectionFactory();
factory.setHost("localhost");
factory.setVirtualHost("/");
factory.setUsername("guest");
factory.setPassword("guest");
factory.setAutomaticRecoveryEnabled(true);
factory.setNetworkRecoveryInterval(3000);
//2. 通过连接工厂来创建连接
Connection connection = factory.newConnection();
//3. 通过 Connection 来创建 Channel
Channel channel = connection.createChannel();
//4. 声明
String exchangeName = "test_topic_exchange";
String queueName = "test_topic_queue";
String routingKey = "item.#";
channel.exchangeDeclare(exchangeName, "topic", true, false, null);
channel.queueDeclare(queueName, false, false, false, null);
//一般不用代码绑定，在管理界面手动绑定
channel.queueBind(queueName, exchangeName, routingKey);
//5. 创建消费者并接收消息
Consumer consumer = new DefaultConsumer(channel) {
@Override
public void handleDelivery(String consumerTag, Envelope envelope,
AMQP.BasicProperties properties, byte[] body)
throws IOException {
String message = new String(body, "UTF-8");
System.out.println(" 收到消息 '" + message + "'");
}
};
//6. 设置 Channel 消费者绑定队列
channel.basicConsume(queueName, true, consumer);
}
}
补充
生产者也可以定义队列，例如简单模式生产：
//简单模式
public class Producer{
//1.创建连接工厂
ConnectionFactory connectionFactory = new ConnectionFactory();
connectionFactory.setHost("10.15.0.9");
connectionFactory.setPort(5672);
connectionFactory.setUsername("admin");
connectionFactory.setPassword("admin");
connectionFactory.setVirtualHost("/");
Connection connection = connectionFactory.newConnection("生产者");
//2.创建通道
Channel channel = connection.createChannel();
//3.通过创建交换机，声明队列，绑定关系，路由key，发送消息和接受消息
/*参数1: 是否持久化，非持久化消息会存盘吗？会存盘，但是会随着重启服务器而丢失
参数2:是否独占队列
参数3:是否自动删除，随着最后一个消费者消息完毕消息以后是否把队列自动删除
参数4:携带附属属性
*/
String queueName = "queue1";
channel.queueDeclare(queueName,false,false,false,null);
//4.发送消息给队列queue
/*参数1: 交换机
参数2:队列、路由key
参数3:消息的状态控制
参数4:消息主题
*/
//面试题：可以存在没有交换机的队列吗？不可能，虽然没有指定交换机但是一定会存在一个默认的交换机
String message = "Hello";
channel.basicPublish("",message, null,message.getBytes());
//5.关闭
channel.close();
connection.close();
}
消费：
//简单模式
public class Consumer{
//1.创建连接工厂
ConnectionFactory connectionFactory = new ConnectionFactory();
connectionFactory.setHost("10.15.0.9");
connectionFactory.setPort(5672);
connectionFactory.setUsername("admin");
connectionFactory.setPassword("admin");
connectionFactory.setVirtualHost("/");
Connection connection = connectionFactory.newConnection("生产者");
//2.创建通道
Channel channel = connection.createChannel();
//3.接受内容
channel.basicConsume("queue1",true,new DefaultConsumer(){
public void handle(String consumerTag, Delivery message) throws IOException {
System.out.println(new String("收到消息是" + new String(meassage.getBody()),"UTF-8"));
},new CancelCallback(){
public void handle(String consumerTag) throws IOException {
System.out.println("接受失败了");
}
});
//4.关闭
channel.close();
connection.close();
}
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